biopsyche Flashcards
(45 cards)
what are the 6 parts of a neuron structure and what do they do
- dendrite-recieve messages
- nucleus- contains DNA and help cell maitenace and development
- axon- long cable that pushes electicalimpuls down the neuron
- myelin sheath- protective layer
5.nodes of ranvier- speeds up message - terminal buttons- sends message to dendrites
what does the sensory neuron look like
long dendrites and short axons
what does the sensory neuron do
carries messages from PNS to CNS. uses the 5 sense to tell brain about environment
what does the relay neuron look like
short dendrites and short axons
what does the relay neuron do
located in the CNS, allows motor and sensory neurons to communicate with eachother and the brain. and is multipolar(can both send and recieve messages
what does the motor neuron look like
short dendrites and long axons
what does the motor neuron do
connects CNS to effectors. htey project axons to control muscles
what is the process of synaptic transmission
- dendrite picks up message and sneds impulse through axon to terminal buttons
- at the end of terminal buttons there are synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters(NT’s) the NT’s transform the impulse into chemical messages.
- the chemical message diffuses across synaptic gap and binds to specialised receptors on cells of dendrites on the next neuron.
- once cell is activates either excitary or inhibitory effects get produced at a post synaptic level
- if synaptic transmission is incomplete the NT are taken up through re-uptake tunnels ready for later
what are neurotransmitters
a chemical substances that is used during synaptic transmissionwhich turns the electrical impulse into chmeicals which then diffuses across the synaptic gap
what happens when a neurotransmitter creates an excitation
it creates a positive charge so the neuron is more likely to fire and will increase activity
what happens if a NT creates an inhibition
a negative charge is made which makes the neuron less likely to fire and decreases activity
what is summation
where both excitation and inhibition occurs so both influnces get added together and whichecter effect is stronger proceeds
what is the endocrine system
it helps regulates our bodily function by providing a chemical system of communication via the bloodstream
what are hormones
they are chemicals released from the glands into the bloodstreams
what are 3 examples of glands and what hormones do they release
pituitary- growth hormone which helps for growth
pineal- melatonin which helps sleep
testes-testosterone which regulates fertility
what is the fight or flight response
- the hypothalamus detects acute stress
- they sympathomedullary (SAM) pathway is activated
- this stimuates the adrenal gland
- adrenaline is released into the bloodstream which activates fight or flight
what are the main effects of fight or flight on the body
increased: sweat, breathing, blood flow, heart rate
decreased digestive system and pupil dilation
what are post-mortems
examinations of the brain after death
what are FMRI’s
where strong magnetic and radio waves that monister blood flow in the brain and creat an image
what are EEG’s and ERP’s
small sensors are attached to the scale that detect electrical signals when the brain is active
what is localisation
the theory that specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological function
what is hemispheric lateralisation
where some of the brain functions are found only in one hemisphere
what does conterlateral mean
the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body. vise versa
what does somatotopically mean
the point to point correspondant of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system
