biopsychology Flashcards
(25 cards)
state the divisions of the nervous system
from top to bottom:
-the nervous system
-one side central ns, one side peripheral ns
-cns side splits into spinal cord and brain
-the pns side splits into somatic and autonomic ns
-the autonomic then spilts into sympathetic and parasympathetic
what is the main job of the brain ?
to ensure life is maintained, involved in all psychological processes.
what are the main jobs of the spinal cord?
carries messages using neurons to and from the brain to the pns. it relays info,
what is an arc reflex ?
is a neural pathway that controls a reflex, it is an immediate response to a particular stimulus eg. if we touch something hot we move our hand
outline basic function of pns
function is too relay nerve impulses from cns to rest of body and from body back to cns
how many cranial and spinal nerves are there
12 cranial and 31 spinal
outline autonomic ns - location, what does it control, role, components , explain each & eg
control centre = brain stem, it is involuntary, controls internal organs/ glands, plays important role in homeostasis , only consists of motor pathways and has two components: sympathetic fight or flight, parasympathetic control centre returns body to resting state, usually both are in balance unless in certain circumstances eg relaxed or stressed
outline sympathetic ns & eg
prepares body for fight or flight responses , it happens quick, impulses travel from sympathetic ns to organs to help prepare for action, eg our blood pressure increases , heart and breathing rate while less important aspects such as digestion and urination are not focused on
outline parasympathetic ns & eg
it is the control component of the two, returns body to resting state and its located at the top of brain stem in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland - it slows down breathing and heart. rate and. any functions that were slowed down during fight or flight such as digestion return
outline roles of cns
control behaviour,regulation of bodys physiological processes, brain receives info from sensory receptors
outline somatic ns - location, components, job
maintains communication between cns and outside world, it consists of sensory receptors, and motor pathways, it is conscious control,and controls skeletal muscle and movement , it is located in motor and sensory cortex
what do sensory receptors do ?
carry info to spinal cord and brain
what do motor pathways do ?
allow brain to control movement
name parts of the neutron from left to right
dentrites, cell body, nucleus, nodes of ranvier, myelin sheath,axon, terminal buttons, vesicles
what does the cell body contain
nucleus and all genetic material of cell
what do the dendrites do
project from cell body, they carry impulses from other neurons towards cell body
what does the axon do
it carries impulses away from cell body down the length of the neuron
what does the myelin sheath do
it speeds up the electrical impulse
what does the nodes of ranvier do
they speed up the transmission of the impulse by forcing it to ‘ jump ‘ across the gaps along the axon
what do the terminal buttons do
they communicate with the next neuron in the chain across a synaptic gap using neurotransmitters
name three types of neurons
motor, sensory , relay
outline descriptions and role of sensory neuron
CAN ONLY MOVE IN ONE DIRECTION
-they are found in receptor cells eg eyes and skin
-they carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain
-ther nerve impulses are translated into sensations eg vision and touch
-not all sensory neurons reach brain as some stop at the spinal cord
-this allows for quick reflex actions
outline descriptions and role of relay neuron
MIDDLE GUY LETS THE OTHERS COMMUNICATE
-they are found in-between sensory IMPUT and motor OUTPUT/RESPONSE
-they are found in the brain and spinal cord
- they allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate
outline description and role of motor neuron
THESE ARE MULTIPOLAR AS THEY SEND AND RECIVE MESSAGES
-they are found in the cns
-they control muscle movements
-when stimulated they release neurotransmitters
-these bind to the receptors on muscles to trigger a response
