biopsychology

Question 1

what two subdivisions is the NS divided into

Answer 1

• central ns
• peripheral ns

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

• consists of brain and spinal cord
• collects and processes sympathetic ns and responds to stimuli in the environment and coordinates working of different organs in the body

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

• relays messages (nerve impulses) from CNS to rest of body

Question 4

what is the PNS divided into

Answer 4

somatic ns
autonomic ns

Question 5

ANS

Answer 5

• important in homeostasis: maintains internal processes like bodily temperature, heart rate and blood pressure
• consists of motor pathways and 2 subcomponents

Question 6

SNS

Answer 6

• maintains communication between CNS and outside world
• made up of sensory receptors that carry info to spinal cord, brain and motor pathways.
• provides muscle responses via motor pathways

Question 7

what is the endocrine system

Answer 7

• a network of glands across the body that secretes hormones through the blood

Question 8

glands that are a part of the endocrine system

Answer 8

• pineal
• thyroid
• ovaries
• testes
• adrenal gland (medulla)
• adrenal gland cortex
• hypothalamus
• pituitary

Question 9

pineal gland

Answer 9

• secretes melatonin,
• sleep wake cycle

Question 10

thyroid gland

Answer 10

• secretes thyroxine
• regulates metabolism

Question 11

ovaries

Answer 11

• secretes oestrogen
• regulates female reproduction

Question 12

testes

Answer 12

• secretes testosterone
• development of male sex characteristics

Question 13

adrenal gland (medulla)

Answer 13

• secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 14

• adrenal gland cortex

Answer 14

• secretes cortisol
• stimulates release of glucose

Question 15

hypothalamus

Answer 15

• stimulates release of hormones from pituitary gland

Question 16

pituitary gland

Answer 16

• master gland
• hormones released from here
• controls and stimulates other glands

Question 17

process of stimulating a fight or flight response

Answer 17

• hypothalamus triggers ANS (sympathetic branch)
• ANS stimulates adrenal medulla
• adrenaline and noradrenaline to be released into the blood
• fight or flight response triggered

Question 18

structure and function of motor neurons

Answer 18

• short dendrites, long axons
• connects CNS to receptors
• found in PNS and controls muscle movement

Question 19

structure and function of relay neurons

Answer 19

• short dendrites and axons
• connects sensory and motor neurons
• allows fast reflex responses by bypassing the brain

Question 20

structure and function of sensory neurons

Answer 20

• long dendrites, short axons
• found in receptors
• not all sensory receptors reach brain

Question 21

firing of a neuron process

Answer 21

• neuron at resting state = negatively charged
• when neuron activated by a stimulus, inside of cell becomes positively charged for a split second
• action potential will pass through the neuron when positively charged
• allows an electrical impulse to move through the neuron