biopsychology

Question 1

what is the central nervous system made up of

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

what are the two main functions of the CNN

Answer 2

controls the behaviour and the regulation of body’s physiological processes

Question 3

where does the brain receive info from

Answer 3

sensory receptors (eyes, ears, skin)

Question 4

where does the brain send messages to

Answer 4

muscles and glands

Question 5

what is the spinal cords main function

Answer 5

relay info between the brain and rest of the body

Question 6

what is the spinal cord responsible for

Answer 6

reflex actions such as pulling your hand away from a hot plate

Question 7

what is the brain divided into (4 parts)

Answer 7

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

Question 8

what is the largest part of the brain

Answer 8

cerebrum

Question 9

what are the 4 lobes the cerebrum is split into

Answer 9

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

Question 10

roll of frontal lobe

Answer 10

thought and production of speech

Question 11

roll of occipital lobe

Answer 11

processing visual images

Question 12

what is the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 12

the two halves the cerebrum is split into

Question 13

how do the cerebral hemispheres communicate via

Answer 13

via the corpus callosum

Question 14

what is the cerebellums roll

Answer 14

controlling persons motor skills, balance and co ordinating the muscles to allow precise movements

Question 15

where does the diencepholan lie

Answer 15

beneath the cerebrum and on top of the brain stem

Question 16

what 2 things are within the diencepholan

Answer 16

thalomus and hypothalamus

Question 17

what does the thalamus do (within the diencephalon)

Answer 17

relay station for nerve impulses coming from the sense, routing them to the appropriate part

Question 18

what does the hypothalamus do (within the diencephalon)

Answer 18

acting as a link between endocrine system and nervous system
controlling release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 19

what does the brain stem do

Answer 19

regulating automatic functions that are essential - breathing, heartbeat, swallowing

Question 20

what does the peripheral nervous system do

Answer 20

relay nerve impulses from the CNS to the body and visa versa

Question 21

what are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 21

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 22

what are the somatic system made up of (think neurons)

Answer 22

sensory and motor neurons

Question 23

what does the somatic nervous system do

Answer 23

recieves info from sensory receptors, they then relay messages to the CNS

Question 24

what does the Autonomic nervous system do

Answer 24

governs vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual arrousal

Question 25

what ae the autonomic nervous systems 2 parts

Answer 25

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 26

what does the sympathetic nervous system do

Answer 26

response that helps us deal with emergencies (fight or flight), e.g increasing heart rate and bp

Question 27

where do the neurons from the sympathetic nervous system travel

Answer 27

every organ and gland, preparing the body for rapid action when individual under threat

Question 28

what does the sympathetic nervous system cause the body to release

Answer 28

stored energy, pupils to dilate and hair to stand on end. slows bodily processes that are less important in emergencies e.g digestion and urination

Question 29

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do

Answer 29

relaxes us once an emergency has passed

Question 30

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the body

Answer 30

slows heartbeat down, reduce bp, restart digestion

Question 31

what is action potential

Answer 31

when neurons transmit info within and to other neurons. the dendrites of neurons recieve info from sensory receptors or other neurons. this info then passed to th cell bodyand on to the axon. then at the axon, travels down its lenght to form an electrical signal.

Question 32

what are the three types of neurons

Answer 32

sensory, relay, motor

Question 33

what do neurons consist of

Answer 33

cell body, dendrites, axon

Question 34

Function of the neurons part 1 (dendrites to cell body)

Answer 34

dendrites at one end of neurons receive signals from other neurons dendrites protrude from cell body that carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards cell body

Question 35

functions of neurons part 2 (cell body to axon)

Answer 35

from the cell body the impulse is carried along the axon where terminated at the axon terminal

Question 36

functions of neurons part 3 (axon,myelin sheath)

Answer 36

axon covered in a fatty layer of myelin sheath that protect the axon and speed up electrical transmission of the impulse the length of a neuron can vary from a few milimeters up to one metre

Question 37

function of neurons part 4 (synapse)

Answer 37

at the end of the axon are terminal buttons that communicate with the next neuron in the chain across the gap known as the synapse

Question 38

what are the role of sensory neurons

Answer 38

carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors (vision, taste, touch) to CNS. they convert info from sensory receptors into neural impulses. when impulses reach the brain they translated into sensations not all sensory info travel as far as the brain, with some neurons terminating in the spinal cord, allows reflex actions to occur quicker without delay of sending impulses to the brain

Question 39

what do relay neurons allow

Answer 39

sensory and motor neurons to communicate with eachother.

Question 40

where do relay neurons lie

Answer 40

within the brain, visual system and spinal cord

Question 41

where are motor neurons located

Answer 41

in the CNS. they project their axons outside the CNS to the PNS and to the control muscles

Question 42

what do motor neurons do

Answer 42

form synapses form synapses with muscles and control their contractions. when stimulated the motor neuron releases neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the muscle and trigger a response causing muscle movement when the axon of the motor neuron fires, the muscle with which it has formed synapses with, contracts muscle relaxation is caused by inhibitions of the motor neuron

Question 43

how are signals within neurons transmitted

Answer 43

electrically

Question 44

how are signals between neurons transmitted

Answer 44

chemically across the synapse

Question 45

what are in the motor neurons

Answer 45

cell body dendrite axon myelin sheath impulse director axon terminal

Question 46

what are in the sensory neurons

Answer 46

dendrites cell body axon axon terminal

Question 47

what is the neural network

Answer 47

when neurons communicate with each other in groups

Question 48

what is a synapse

Answer 48

where each neuron is seperated from the next by a tiny gap called a synapse

Question 49

what is synaptic transmission

Answer 49

when electrical impulses reach end of the neuron (pre-synaptic terminal) it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from tiny sacs called synaptic vesicles

Question 50

what are neuro transmitters

Answer 50

chemicals that diffuse across the synapse to the next neuron in the chain