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PMLS FINALS > Biosafety > Flashcards

Biosafety Flashcards

1
Q

These are measures employed when handling
biohazardous materials to avoid infecting
oneself, others or the environment

A

Biosafety

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2
Q

“PROTECTING PEOPLE FROM BAD BUGS”

A

BIOSAFETY

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3
Q

These are measures employed to protect
biohazardous materials, or critical relevant
information, against theft or diversion by those
who tend to pursue intentional misuse

A

BIOSECURITY

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4
Q

“PROTECTING BAD BUGS FROM BAD
PEOPLE”

A

BIOSECURITY

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5
Q

Laboratory acquired infections caused by human factors

A

80%

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6
Q

Laboratory acquired infections caused by equipment failure

A

20%

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7
Q

Top 4 accidents resulting from infection acquired

A
  • Spillages and splashes
  • Needle and syringe
  • Sharp objects-broken glass
  • Bite or scratch from animals or ectoparasites
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8
Q

Sequence of events required for infection to
occur

A

Chain of Infection

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9
Q

This chain is the basic premise of infection
prevention efforts, as interruption of any one
link in the chain can prevent or eliminate the
possibility of infection

A

Chain of Infection

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10
Q

Germs - Agent

A

any pathogen:
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Fungi
Prions

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11
Q

Where Germs live - Reservoir

A

People, Animals, Food, Soil, Water

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12
Q

describes how the infectious agent exits the infected person in order to make contact with a new hosts.
(avenues)

A

Portals of exit

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13
Q

this link relates to how the pathogen travels from the reservoir or infected person to the new hosts.

A

Mode of transmission

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14
Q

Germs get around - Mode of Transmission

A

Contact (hands, toys, sand)
Droplets (when you speak, sneeze or cough)

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15
Q

How Germs Get In - Portal of Entry

A

Mouth, Cuts in the skin, Eyes

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16
Q

is used to define where the infectious agent gains access to the new hosts.
Ex. Mucous membrane, RT, GIT, UT,
breaks in the skin

A

PORTALS of ENTRY

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17
Q

vulnerable persons to
infection. Ex. Young ones, old ones, weak
immune system due to disease or treatment
(immunocompromised or immunosuppress),
poor nutrition.

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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18
Q

Next Sick Person - SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

A

Babies, Children, Elderly, Weak immune system, unimmunized people, anyone

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19
Q

_____ & _____ in _______described a model consisting of 3 levels of prevention programs that target interventions.

A

Leavell and Clark in 1958,

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20
Q

Potential Indv.

A

Healthy individuals

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21
Q

Sick Indv.

A

Newly ill individual

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22
Q

Treated Indv.

A

Recovering individual

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23
Q

Target healthy individuals before they actually acquire the infections.

A

Primary Prevention

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24
Q
  • Vaccination
  • Elimination of environmental reservoir
  • Improving Nutritional status
  • Health education, such as hand
    hygiene,
  • Respiratory etiquette
A

Primary Prevention

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25
These strategies target individuals in an early stage of the disease and focus on early identification through screening and early treatment.
Secondary Prevention
26
- Screening of high-risk groups or known exposures for early identification of disease - Early and effective treatment
Secondary Prevention
27
Focuses on reducing the impact from the disease. The individual already contracted the disease, but rehabilitation is needed to limit the long-term effects and restore the individual to an optimal level of functioning.
Tertiary prevention
28
- Reduce or limit impairment-ex. surgical repair - Minimize suffering ex. PT,OT, ST - Promote adjustment to long-term effects of the disease. - ex. changes in nutritional requirement.
Tertiary prevention
29
HAI
healthcare acquired infections
30
Universal Precaustions: are carriers of transient or resident microorganism.
Healthcare practitioners
31
Universal Precautions: must be strictly implemented
Hand hygiene/hand washing
32
Universal Precautions: are considered possible carriers of infectious pathogens
All patients
33
Type of glove which is not recommended due to high failure rate
Vinyl
34
it is worn when there is the possibility of direct contact with blood, bf, mucous membrane and infectious material.
Gloves
35
To protect the arms, torso and clothing from spills and splashes
Gowns
36
To protect the eyes and face from splashes, impacting objects
Goggles
37
To protect the mouth and nose
Mask
38
SEQUENCE OF DONNING PPE
● Gown first ● Mask or respirator ● Goggles or face shield ● HAND HYGIENE ● Gloves
39
SEQUENCE FOR REMOVING PPE
● Gloves ● Hand hygiene ● Face shield or goggles ● Gown ● Mask or respirator
40
WHERE TO REMOVE PPE
● At doorway, before leaving patient room or in anteroom.
41
Remove _______ outside room, after door has been closed.
respirator
42
Biologic safety cabinet: Low to moderate risk biologic agents
Class I and II
43
Biologic safety cabinet: High risk biologic agents
Class III
44
Biosafety level of class I and II Biologic safety cabinet
1,2,3
45
Biosafety level of class III Biologic safety cabinet
4
46
HEPA
High Efficiency Particulate Air
47
HEPA filters can remove at least ___ of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria, and any airborne particles with a size of ____ micrometers (μm)
99.97% 0.3
48
HEPA filter is constructed of ___________________________ in the form of pleated sheet
borosilicate microfibres
49
The pleats are separated by _____________________________ or stitched fabric ribbons, which direct airflow through the filter.
serrated aluminum baffles
50
Biosafety Level - a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease
Basic Biosafety Level 1
50
Biosafety Level - a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease
Basic Biosafety Level 1
51
A pathogen that can cause human or animal diseases but unlikely to be serious hazard to lab workers, community, livestock or the environment
Basic Biosafety Level 2
52
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available
Containment Biosafety Level 3
53
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and communicable either directly or indirectly. NO available treatment and preventive measures
Maximum containment Biosafety Level 4
54
no or low individual and community risk
1
55
Moderate individual risk, low community risk
2
56
High individual risk
3
57
High individual and community risk
4
58
to prevent discharge of aerosol (source of infection)
HEPA filters
59
Disposal of Biologic Waste: Incineration or Burning
Dry heat
60
Disposal of Biologic Waste: - plastic equipments (heat sensitive) - Glutaraldehyde, Formaldehyde
CHEMICAL DISINFECTION
61
HEAT DISINFECTION/STERILIZATION Dry heat for ____ degrees for more than 2-4hours
160 degrees Celcius
62
HEAT DISINFECTION/STERILIZATION Autoclaving (steam under pressure)
Moist heat
63
GAS STERILIZATION carcinogenic, toxic, flammable and explosive. Items must be aerated before use.
Ethylene Oxide
64
GAS STERILIZATION gas molecules are excited to produce charged particles by subjecting them to radio frequency or microwave energy in an enclosed chamber. 28 min or more and exposed to > 50° C. no need for aeration
Hydrogen Peroxide Gas plasma
65
Last in Disposal of Biologic Waste
PICK-UP BY CERTIFIED HAZARDOUS WASTE COMPANY
66
1. Flush area with large amount of water 2. Contaminated clothing should be removed immediately 3. Do not neutralize chemicals
Chemical Spills
67
1. Never mixed chemicals unless specified 2. Wear goggles when preparing reagents 3. Do not pipette by mouth
Chemical Handling
68
1. Poisonous, Corrosive, Carcinogenic
Chemical Labeling
69
1. Continually observe for frayed cords and overloaded circuits 2. Avoid unplugging equipment with wet hands or while cleaning. 3. Remove source of electricity if electrical shocks are encountered or avoid transfer of the current
Electrical Hazards
70
RACE
Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish
71
3 components of fire
heat, oxygen, fuel
72
1. Avoid running in rooms and hallways 2. Watch for wet floors 3. Bend knees when lifting heavy objects 4. Keep long hair pulled back 5. Avoid dangling jewelry 6. Maintain clean and organized work area 7. Wear closed toe-shoes
Physical Hazards

PMLS FINALS (4 decks)

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