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Bioscience Exam Revision Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

a mixture that acts as a single substance (not obvious 2 or more substances are present)

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2
Q

Sublimation

A

The process of turning a solid into a gas

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3
Q

Condensation

A

The process of turning a gas into a liquid

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4
Q

Deposition

A

The process of changing a gas into a solid

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5
Q

Modern Atomic Theory

A

All elements are composed of atoms

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6
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that still maintains the identity of the element

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7
Q

The Atomic Number

A

The number of protons.

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8
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

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10
Q

Atomic mass

A

A weighted average of masses of all a particular elements naturally occurring isotopes

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11
Q

Ca electron configuration

A

1s12s22p63s23p64s2

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12
Q

What group are the alkali metals found?

A

Group 1

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13
Q

What group are the alkali earth metals found?

A

Group 2

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14
Q

Where are the transition metals on the periodic table?

A

Group 3-12, period 4,5,6,7

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15
Q

In what group are the halogens found?

A

group 17

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16
Q

Which group are the nobel gasses found?

A

group 18

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17
Q

Where are the lathanide metals found?

A

period 8

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18
Q

Where are the acinide metals found?

A

period 9

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19
Q

Dipole-dipole interactions

A

an attraction between polar molecules

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20
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction caused by a hydrogen atom being bonded to a very electronegative element.

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21
Q

Dispersion force (London force)

A

caused by the instantaneous imbalance of electrons about a molecule.

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22
Q

Crystals

A

regular 3D array of altering positive and negative ions

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23
Q

Amorphous

A

a solid with no regular structure.

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24
Q

Units of pressure

A

Newton per square meter (N/m2)

Pascal (Pa)

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25
Boyle's Law
P ∝ 1/V
26
Charles Law
V ∝ T
27
What biological process can Boyle's Law describe?
The process of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)
28
Combined Gas Law
PiVi/Ti = PfVf/Tf
29
Ideal Gas Law
PV =nRT
30
Ideal gas law constant
0.08205 atm
31
1 atmosphere = how many kelvins?
273K
32
Miscible
Liquids that dissolve in each other
33
Immiscible
Liquids that do not dissolve in each other
34
Molarity
the number of moles of a solute per Liter of solution
35
Solvation
The process by which solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles
36
Hydration
Solvation by water molecules
37
Disassociation
the process of cations and anions of an ionic solution separating when the solute dissolves.
38
Electrolytes
Soluble ionic compounds
39
Non-electrolytes
Do not conduct electricity. Do not ionize at all when dissolved.
40
Osmosis
The diffusion of water DOWN its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane.
41
Diffusion
The passive movement of molecules from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
42
Chemical bond
a strong attachment between two atoms, creating an arrangement which is more stable then when they are apart.
43
The octet rule states...
That atoms are especially stable if they have 8 electrons in their outermost shell
44
Covalent bond
A bond made by electron sharing. Formed between non-metals only. Use die, tri, tetra in naming. (forms a covalent compound)
45
Ion
A charged atom
46
Cation
a positively charged ion
47
Anion
a negatively charged ion
48
Ionic bond
an attraction between oppositely charged ions (forms ionic compound). Formed between a metal and a non-metal. Is without prefixes "die", "tri", "tetra".
49
Polyatomic ions
An ion with two or more atoms that together are charged.
50
Monatomic cations (name)
Name of element followed by the word "ion"
51
Monatomic anions (name)
Contain suffix "-ide ion"
52
Hydrates
ionic compounds which have water incorporated within their formula
53
Molecular mass/molecular wieght
The mass of a molecule
54
Molecule
The smallest part of a compound that maintains the chemical identity of the compound
55
Lone pair
(non bonding pair) an electron pair that does not participate in covalent bonds.
56
single bond
a covalent bond formed by a single pair of electrons
57
double bond
a covalent bond formed by two pairs of electrons shared by two atoms.
58
triple bond
a covalent bond formed by three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
59
electronegative
a relative measure of how strongly an atom attaches electrons when it forms a covalent bond
60
Chemical reaction
chemical change
61
Activation energy
the minimum energy that is input to a chemical system in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
62
Combustion reaction
when a substance combines with oxygen to make oxygen containing compounds
63
Oxidation
Gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen, loss of electrons
64
Reduction
Loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen, gain of electrons
65
Redox reactions
a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another
66
Respiration
A biochemical process by which the oxygen we inhale oxidizes food stuffs to carbon dioxide and water.
67
Photosynthesis
the process by which plants use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
68
The mole
a chemical mass unit which describes the gram formula mass of a substance.
69
Avogadro's Number
6.02x10^23
70
Chemical equilibrium
A chemical reaction is at equilibrium when there is no tendency for the quantities of reactants and products to change.
71
Arrhenius acid
a compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution
72
Arrhenius base
a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ion in aqueous solution
73
Neutralization
acid + base = water + salt
74
pH scale
the scale for measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
75
Neutral pH
7
76
Bronsted Lowrey acid
a proton donor
77
Bronsted Lowrey base
a proton acceptor
78
Acid pH
Lower than 7
79
Base pH
Higher than 7
80
Hydrocarbons
the simpest organic compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon
81
Isomers
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula and properties
82
Catalyst
a substance that initiated/increases the rate of a chemical reaction, while itself not undergoing any permanent chemical change.
83
Metabolism
the chemical processes which occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
84
Anabolism
building larger substances from small ones
85
Catabolism
breaking down larger substances into small ones
86
Enzymes
Protiens. Speed up reactions. Bring together reactants.
87
Lipid
fat
88
Carbohydrate
sugar
89
Plasma membrane
Has lipid coating which wraps around every cell in the body. Contains sugars that stick out form it's surface and proteins that thread through it.
90
achiral
has no enantimers

Bioscience (3 decks)

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