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biotech cell test Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

cell membrane

A

fatty phospholipid bilayer
constantly in motion
homeostasis (stays the same)

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2
Q

cell wall

A

PLANT
helps maintain shape
provides protection
made up of mostly cellulose

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

suspends and protects organelles

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4
Q

vacuole

A

stores materials within cell

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5
Q

ribosome

A

sites of protein synthesis

transcription/translation

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

packages proteins for transport out of the cell
rough and smooth ER
network of membranes found throughout the cell

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7
Q

rough ER

A

wrapped around nucleus

synthesizes and packages proteins

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8
Q

smooth ER

A

stores substances

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9
Q

central vacuole

A

PLANT
stores water
provides structure when full

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10
Q

chloroplast

A

PLANT
contains chlorophyll
site of photosynthesis

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of cell

creates energy in form of ATP (respiration)

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12
Q

cellular respiration

A

converts glucose into usable ATP

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13
Q

nucleus

A

controls all cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

contains DNA

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14
Q

nuclear membrane

A

keeps all of the chromatin and nucleolus inside

has pores to allow mRNA to go to ribosomes

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15
Q

lysosomes

A

(garbage man of cell)

digests excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria using enzymes

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16
Q

microtubules

A

define cell structure and movement

forms part of cytoskeleton

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17
Q

nuclear pores

A

allows RNA and proteins to pass through

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18
Q

centrioles/centrosome

A

ANIMAL-CENTRIOLE
PLANT-CENTROSOME
helps cell to reproduce/split

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19
Q

membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic

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20
Q

cellulose based cell wall (where a cell wall is present)

A

Eukaryotic

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21
Q

DNA held on linear chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic

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22
Q

DNA locked within the nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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23
Q

ATP production occurs in mitochondria

A

Eukaryotic

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24
Q

has nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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25
large (70s) ribosomes
Eukaryotic
26
phospholipid bi-layer cell membrane
Eukaryotic
27
may have undulipodia
Eukaryotic
28
no membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic
29
Peptidoglycan based cell wall (where cell wall is present)
Prokaryotic
30
DNA held on circular chromosomes
Prokaryotic
31
DNA contented within the cytoplasm
Prokaryotic
32
ATP production occurs in the unfolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes
Prokaryotic
33
no nucleus
Prokaryotic
34
small ribosomes
Prokaryotic
35
ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
Prokaryotic
36
may have flagella
Prokaryotic
37
phospholipid bilayer
marks the boundaries of a cell heads are polar and hydrophilic tails are hydrophobic
38
peripheral protein
selectively allow cells to enter | cellular communication
39
integral protein
extend through the lipid bilayer one end contacts the interior and the other touches the exterior TRANSPORT
40
glycoprotein
has a carbohydrate attached to it that signals whether a specific cell should or should not be in the body
41
cytoskeleton
structural framework | transportation
42
concerning energy and protein use: Lipid diffusion
no energy | no proteins
43
concerning energy and protein use: osmosis
no energy | no proteins
44
concerning energy and protein use: passive transport
no energy | does use proteins
45
concerning energy and protein use: active transport
uses energy | uses proteins
46
concerning energy and protein use: Vesicles
uses energy | does not use proteins
47
endocytosis
transport of materials into a cell
48
exocytosis
transport of materials out of a cell
49
vesicles
process of endocytosis and exocytosis | materials are enclosed by a fold in the cell membrane, which pinches shut to form a closed vesicle and vice versa
50
active transport/pumping
movement against concentration gradient | protein binds a molecule to be transported on one side of the membrane, changes shape and releases it on the other side
51
passive transport
channel protein | carrier protein
52
channel protein
from a water-filled pore into membrane which ions are able to diffuse across cell can control entry and exit of ions
53
carrier protein
have a binding site for a specific solute | substance will bind on high concentration side and be released on low concentration side
54
tonicity
the concentration of the solution that surrounds a cell will affect the cell, due to osmosis
55
hypotonic solution
animal-water enters; cell swells | plant-water enters cell; becomes turgid
56
isotonic solution
animal and plant- no net water movement; cell normal size
57
hypertonic solution
animal- water leaves; cell shrinks | plant- water leaves; cytoplasm shrinks (plasmolysis)
58
water potential
a calculation of which way the water will move and how fast in osmosis
59
osmosis
the diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution across a membrane water travels to the highest concentration of solute
60
lipid diffusion
small, non polar molecules pass directly through the lipid bilayer
61
what materials enter the nucleus
ribonucleotides for RNA synthesis, Deoxyriboneucleotides for DNA synthesis, histones, and ATP
62
what materials exit the nucleus
mRNA, and tRNA
63
what materials does the nucleus need to produce ribosomes
nucleotides, RNA polymerases and transcription factors
64
where do RNA nucleotides come from
engulfing other cells absorbing them producing them with enzymes and through the person's diet
65
purpose of cristae
reduces time needed for ATP synthesis through a larger surface area
66
if a lysosome breaks open or leaks its contents, why is the containing cell not digested?
enzymes only digest the sub straight that they specifically work with, so if it breaks it will only affect the lysosome
67
function of the thylakoid membrane
where the photosynthetic light reactions take place
68
function of the rough ER
make and pack proteins
69
how do different organelles communicate with eachother
by sending vesicles, through proteins or through direct contact
70
study diagrams
study diagrams

biotechnology (4 decks)

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