Biotechnology

Question 1

What is a microbe?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of microbes?

Answer 2

Question 3

Which is bigger and by what factor..

Bacteria or Viruses

Answer 3

Bacteria are about 100 times bigger than viruses

Question 4

What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?

Answer 4

Question 5

True or False

Most bacteria found in the human body are either harmless or are in fact helpful

Answer 5

True

Only around 15% of bacteria are harmful but some can cause serious problems

Question 6

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 6

By binary fission. Each bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes

Question 7

What is needed for microbes to grow?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 8

Question 9

True or false

Viruses do not contain cells

Answer 9

True

and for this reason some people don’t consider them to be living

Question 10

How do funghi reproduce (replicate)?

Answer 10

By budding

By producing spores

Question 11

How do viruses reproduce (replicate)?

Answer 11

By invading cells and tricking them into replicating new copies of the virus

Question 12

What is a pathogen?

Answer 12

A microbe that causes infectious disease

Question 13

What are some common illnesses caused by viruses?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are some common illnesses caused by bacteria?

Answer 14

Question 15

How do pathogens enter the body?

Answer 15

Question 16

How do pathogens enter the body?

Answer 16

Question 17

How are pathogens spread?

Answer 17

Question 18

How are pathogens spread (2)

Answer 18

Question 19

How are pathogens spread (3)

Answer 19

Question 20

Preventing the spread of disease

Answer 20

Question 21

Which 2 diseases were involved in the first vaccine?

Answer 21

Smallpox and Cowpox

Question 22

Which animal was used to creat the name “Vaccine”?

Answer 22

Cow

Question 23

Which processes do vaccines interfere with in bacteria?

Answer 23

1. Metabolism
2. DNA replication
3. Protein synthesis

Question 24

How do vaccines work?

Answer 24

A weakened version of the virus is used to stimulate the body to produce antibodies which are ready to use when real virus enters

Question 25

What is herd immunity?

Answer 25

The idea that if enough people are vaccinated then a disease cannot be spread to those who are not vaccinated

Question 26

What 2 ways do antibiotics work on bacteria?

Answer 26

1. they kill the bacteria by destroying the cell wall 2. They interfere with some of ther processes the bacteria needs to survive

Question 27

Why don't antibiotics kill viruses?

Answer 27

Because viruses don't have a cell wall

Question 29

Why does food "go off"?

Answer 29

Growth of microbes on food

Question 30

How can we preserve food?

Answer 30

High temp (UHT) ## Footnote Low temp (Freezing) Chemicals (Salt or Vinegar) Atmosphere (Vacuum packing) Bottling or Canning Moisture removal (drying)

Question 31

Fermentation

Answer 31

Question 32

Why are bacteria and funghi used in food and medicine production?

Answer 32

They rapidly multiply

Question 33

Why aren't viruses used in food production?

Answer 33

They need living cells to multiply