BIOTECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Question 1

using biological tools and knowledge for human purposes

Answer 1

biotechnology

Question 2

manipulation of the genetic makeup of cells or whole organisms

Answer 2

genetic engineering

Question 3

Type of genetic engineering wherein you recombine 2 DNA strands from 2 organisms for the purposes of making more and amplifying it

Answer 3

recombinant DNA technology

Question 4

cuts DNA at specific cites

Answer 4

restriction enzymes

Question 5

joins fragments of DNA

Answer 5

DNA Ligases

Question 6

small circular pieces of DNA to which desired genes can be added and inserted to bacteria for amplification

Answer 6

plasmids

Question 7

how do restriction enzymes know where to cut?

Answer 7

there are palindromic sequences and primase

Question 8

machine assisted amplification of DNA

Answer 8

polymerase chain reaction

Question 9

step 1 of PCR that heats the DNA to separate/denature the double helix into single strands

Answer 9

denaturation

Question 10

cooling the reaction for 45 seconds so primers can bind to their complementary sequences on the single stranded template DNA

Answer 10

Annealing

Question 11

heating for 2 minutes so that the TAQ polymerase extends the primers to know what to replicate as a partial whole

Answer 11

extension

Question 12

final cooling at 5 C to ensure proper bonding of the newly synthesized DNA strand

Answer 12

cooling repeat cycle

Question 13

used to know the sequence of ATCG

Answer 13

colorimetric experimentation

Question 14

agar rose gel and electricity wherein you have negatively charged DNA samples that strain to positively charged power

Answer 14

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 15

blood running through a machine, not often used because the suspects have to consent to give blood

Answer 15

blood strain

Question 16

modifying plants for commercial purposes

Answer 16

transgenic plants

Question 16

modified living organisms for the purpose of treatment and supplementation

Answer 16

transgenic organisms

Question 17

generates more animal based products such as dairy

Answer 17

gene pharming

Question 18

WHICH DISORDER:
- inherited lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase
- gene therapy introduces ADA to T cells and mitosis amplifies it

Answer 18

severe combined immunodeficiency (bubble boy)

Question 19

WHICH DISORDER:
Over-accumulation of mucus and Stresses more than the respiratory system

Answer 19

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 20

WHICH DISORDER:
over production of cells and using gene therapy by producing more interleukins

Answer 20

cancer

Question 21

WHICH COVID PROTEIN
spikes attached to receptors of the human body

Answer 21

s-spikes

Question 22

WHICH COVID PROTEIN
contains the infection

Answer 22

M-protein

Question 23

WHICH COVID PROTEIN
releases the infection

Answer 23

E-protein

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE - viruses contain RNA and DNA

Answer 24

FALSE - only RNA

Question 25

DNA fingerprinting utilizes which method of sequencing

Answer 25

Gel electrophoresis

Question 26

introduction of human genes into human cells to treat or correct a disease - not available to the public yet, but available in a clinical level

Answer 26

gene therapy

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE: - the gene therapy of severe combined immunodeficiency is done by introducing the gene for ADA into the patient’s T cells and re-introduce the genetically modified T cells into the patient

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: - the gene therapy in cancer is done by removing the interleukins of cancer cells

Answer 28

FALSE - introduce interleukins to regulate cell growth and reproduction

Question 29

introduces genes into human cells, however, the insertion sites are random

Answer 29

retrovirus

Question 30

which vaccine contains the entire virus itself but already dead

Answer 30

inactivated

Question 31

vaccines that contain the S, M, and E proteins

Answer 31

protein vaccines

Question 32

until clinical trial and was not executed contains the entire COVID virus but only weakened

Answer 32

attenuated vaccines

Question 32

cancer-causing chemicals and endocrine disruptors - chemicals of most concern are those that have very low solubilities in water and are highly soluble in fat

Answer 32

environmental toxins

Question 33

generally abundant but at a certain dosage or concentration can become very toxic

Answer 33

metals as an environmental toxin

Question 34

naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times greater than that of water - varying toxicity levels

Answer 34

heavy metals

Question 35

can be found on metal materials that is used to build houses, cosmetics, and some houses that are from the Victorian era Symptoms include: headaches, irritability, reduced sensations, aggressive behavior, difficulty sleeping, abdominal pain, poor appetite, constipation

Answer 35

Lead poisoning

Question 36

evident in the different medical devices we use, can be evident in raw seafood as well: reason why pregnant women should not eat sashimi

Answer 36

mercury poisoning

Question 37

the concentration of toxic pollutants is higher in the tissues of organisms higher on the food chain

Answer 37

biological magnification

Question 38

TRUE OR FALSE without greenhouses gasses: the temperature would be negative, we need this to regulate the warmth of the earth otherwise the earth would be freezing

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

TRUE OR FALSE fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

TRUE OR FALSE completely eradicating the ecosystem is completely reversible with the right actions and proceedures

Answer 41

FALSE - U WISH

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE Trophosphere - O3 is still beneficial Stratosphere: O3 is an air pollutant

Answer 42

FALSE - Trophosphere - O3 is an air pollutant :: stratosphere: O3 is actually beneficial

Question 43

widespread burning of forests due to indiscriminate logging for wood and widespread burning of forests to create a new cropland

Answer 43

Deforestation

Question 44

Sulfuric dioxide + nitric oxide + water caper = sulfuric acid and nitric acid, dissolve in raindrops.

Answer 44

acid rain

Question 45

Thick and deadly layer of smoke and fog which can trigger conditions like asthma and allergies - Forms glass cage where fresh air couldn’t enter

Answer 45

Smog

Question 46

Penetrates the respiratory and circulatory system, damaging our lungs, heart, and brain

Answer 46

air pollution

Question 47

when human activities pollute water sources

Answer 47

water pollution

Question 48

water pollution full of bacteria

Answer 48

organic pollutants

Question 49

highly induces growth of algae May result in eutrophication

Answer 49

inorganic pollutants

Question 50

excessive growth which causes blooms that prevents sunlight from entering the water

Answer 50

eutrophication

Question 51

killing off ecosystems without creating interventions

Answer 51

hydropower and environment

Question 52

is the term for tiny particles found in the air - It is formed in the atmosphere because of chemical reactions between pollutants

Answer 52

Particulate matter

Question 53

Gram-positive: causes infection; has extra coating /layer in its wall that contains endotoxins

Answer 53

bacterial infectious diseases

Question 54

Acute intestinal caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium vibrio cholerae

Answer 54

Cholera

Question 55

Leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 in developing countries - Pneumonia is the most serious of these infections but often can be treated with affordable medicines

Answer 55

acute respiratory infection

Question 56

Cannot be killed because they are not alive in the first place; it only stops when it deactivates

Answer 56

Viral infectious diseases

Question 57

A contagious disease of livestock which may also cause severe infection in humans

Answer 57

bird flu

Question 58

Is a mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue virus

Answer 58

dengue fever

Question 59

Is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread worldwide

Answer 59

SaRS-CoV-2

Question 60

Was identified in 2012 as the cause of Middle East respiratory syndrome

Answer 60

MERS-CoV

Question 61

was identified in 2003 as the cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome that began in China near the end of 2002

Answer 61

SARS-CoV

Question 62

Caused by aspergillus that lives indoors or outdoors - People with weakened immune systems or lung diseases are at a higher risk of developing health problems

Answer 62

aspergillosis