Bipin Chandra Flashcards
(53 cards)
What marked the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire?
The reign of Aurangzeb, despite an efficient administration and strong army at his death in 1707.
The Mughal dynasty still commanded respect in the country at the time of Aurangzeb’s death.
What led to instability after Aurangzeb’s death?
His sons fought for the throne, leading to wars of succession.
Bahadur Shah emerged victorious but faced several challenges during his reign.
Who adopted a policy of compromise and conciliation after Aurangzeb?
Bahadur Shah.
He attempted to reverse some of Aurangzeb’s policies.
What was Bahadur Shah’s approach towards the Maratha sardars?
Half-hearted conciliation, leading to continued disorder in the Deccan.
His administration faced deterioration in governance and finances.
What happened after Bahadur Shah’s death in 1712?
The empire plunged back into civil war.
Ambitious nobles became direct contenders for power.
Who won the succession after Jahandar Shah?
Farrukh Siyar, supported by the Saiyid brothers.
Farrukh Siyar struggled for power with the Saiyid brothers.
What was a significant outcome of the Saiyid brothers’ rule?
They installed Muhammad Shah as emperor.
Muhammad Shah was a weak and frivolous ruler.
What marked the invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali?
They accelerated the disintegration of the Mughal Empire.
Nadir Shah’s invasion caused immense damage and loss of prestige.
What were the causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Costly wars of expansion, difficulty in establishing centralized administration, failure to conciliate the Marathas, and more.
Aurangzeb’s religious policies alienated Hindus and damaged stability.
Which states emerged due to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Bengal, Avadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, and the Maratha Kingdom.
These states established viable administrative systems.
Who founded Hyderabad?
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah in 1724.
He consolidated his hold over the Deccan.
What was the significance of Murshid Quli Khan in Bengal?
He made Bengal virtually independent and established peace and orderly administration.
He promoted trade and industry.
What was the impact of the Anglo-French struggle in South India?
It lasted from 1744 to 1763, ending with a British victory.
The British learned valuable lessons from the war.
What event marked the beginning of the British conquest of India?
The Battle of Plassey in 1757.
This battle resulted in British control over Bengal.
What was the Dual Government of Bengal?
A system where the British controlled finances and the army while Indians held responsibility without power.
This led to the impoverishment of Bengal and the 1770 famine.
Fill in the blank: The English East India Company was granted a Royal Charter in _______.
1600.
What did the English East India Company combine with trade?
Diplomacy and war.
The Company sought political power in India.
What was the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War?
It ended in a stalemate.
The war was fought between 1775 and 1782.
What year did Buxar establish British mastery over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa?
1764
What was the main feature of the Dual Government of Bengal?
British control of finances and army while Indians held responsibility without power
What significant event resulted from the Dual Government leading to impoverishment?
1770 famine
Which wars did the British fight under Warren Hastings and Cornwallis?
- Wars with Haidar Ali of Mysore (1766-1782)
- Wars with the Marathas (1775-1782)
What was the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War?
Ended in a stalemate with the Treaty of Salbai
What did the Third Anglo-Mysore War establish?
British supremacy in South India
