Bipolar disorder Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is bipolar disorder?
A major affective disorder characterized by mood swings between mania/hypomania and depression.
What are the two main mood states in bipolar disorder?
Mania/hypomania (highs) and depression (lows).
Is there recovery between bipolar episodes?
Yes, most individuals experience complete recovery between episodes, but symptoms often recur.
What is a mixed affective state in bipolar disorder?
A state where both manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously.
Can mania occur in disorders other than bipolar disorder?
No, mania is exclusive to bipolar disorder.
Can bipolar disorder include psychotic symptoms?
Yes, some individuals experience hallucinations or delusions during severe episodes.
What is the prevalence of bipolar disorder?
1%, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 100 for both men and women.
What are key symptoms of a manic episode?
Increased energy, euphoria, irritability, inflated self-esteem, pressured speech, and impulsive behaviors.
What is “flight of ideas”?
A symptom of mania where thoughts race rapidly.
What are some impulsive behaviors seen in mania?
Excessive spending, gambling, substance use, and heightened libido.
What are psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder?
Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t real) and delusions (strong false beliefs).
How do psychotic symptoms align with mood states?
Manic episodes may involve delusions of grandeur, while depressive episodes may include intense guilt or feelings of nonexistence.
What must be present for a diagnosis of mania?
Symptoms of elevated mood over a prolonged period with no other physical or psychiatric cause.
What are the possible causes of bipolar disorder?
Impaired neurotransmitter function and genetic factors.
What are some risk factors for bipolar disorder?
Family history, high stress, trauma, and drug/alcohol misuse.
What medications can trigger a manic episode?
Corticosteroids, endocrine disorders, and dopamine-agonist medications.
What are common mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar disorder?
Lithium, sodium valproate
What antipsychotics are often prescribed for bipolar disorder?
Olanzapine
Why must antidepressants be used carefully in bipolar disorder?
They can trigger a “manic switch” and lead to a manic episode.
What treatments help manage mania?
Antipsychotics and benzodiazepines.
What psychological therapy is helpful for bipolar disorder?
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
How does social support help individuals with bipolar disorder?
It plays a crucial role in long-term management by providing structure and stability.
