Bird 8 Flashcards
macnification tool for avian microsurgery? when are they particulalry useful?
Head loupes (2.5-3x)
- Trade-off between magnification and field of view
- Requires practice
o Always indicated, but particularly for coelomic surgeries
characteristics of miniaturized instruments for birds
o Standard length, but miniaturized tip
o Counter-balanced
o Rounded handles
o Arms, hands rest on table
advantage of radiosurgery
Finer, less collateral damage than
electrosurgery
o Cut and coag modes
o Monopolar or bipolar
reccomended suture for birds?
-type
- size
- needle
- why is it best?
PDS(polydioxanone)recommended
- Monofilament
- Absorbable, but long
- Least reactive
- Not a lot of memory (easy to suture with)
o Size 5-0 (0.1 mm), 6-0 (0.07 mm)
o Taper needle (does not cut) for most applications
how to get feathers out of the way for surgery?
Plucking
o Just the right amount
o Keep other feathers away with tape
o Plucking is painful
o DO NOT pluck flight feathers
never pluck what feathers for patient prep
DO NOT pluck flight feathers
wound care has same principles as dogs and cats except
o Most parrots can remove bandages
o Wounds are not exudative
o Wounds are dry and need to be kept moistened
- Steps in wound care
o Debridement
o Flush
o Primary intention closure (fresh wound, not contaminated)
o Secondary intention closure
- Honey
- Silver sulfadiazine
- Silvasorb gel
- Non-adherent bandages, light bandages
methods of dealing with large wound care
Advancement flaps
o Top of skull
o Inguinal web
o Axillary skin
Tension sutures
how do we perform leg band removal? dangers?
Mainly small birds
-Go slow and make sure the band does not rotate while cutting
o Can fracture the leg
o May hold other side with plier
4 common reasons for crop surgery
- Ingluviotomy
o Foreign body retrieval - Esophageal tube placement
- Crop biopsy
o Upper GI disease
o Diagnosis of PDD - Crop repair
o Crop burn surgery in baby birds
o Crop laceration
purpose of esophogeal tube in birds? applications
o Pharyngostomy tube
- Birds cannot grab it
o Facilitates frequent feedings
o Upper GI and facial diseases
considerations for crop burn surgery: delay until when? always close how?
o Delay surgery until necrotic margins are known (mature fistula)
o Always close the crop separately from the skin
why do perform cloacoplasty? how to suture? drawbacks?
- Persistent cloacal prolapse
o Transverse sutures (not purse-string)
o Contra indicated in regular egg layers
o Irreversible
where to place tube for air sac placement
abdonimal air sac
Coeliotomy: different approaches and when they should be used
- Midline
o Distal oviduct, egg
o Ventriculus, intestines, cloaca
o General approach for masses - Lateral approaches
o Surgery in the air sac system
o Ovary, upper reproductive tract
o Proventriculus
o Air sacs
Salpingohysterectomy: why may we do this? do we take the ovary out?
o Oviductal prolapse/torsion
o Oviductal impaction
o NO ovariectomy in birds!
> if you remove the ovidect, there is no feedback to the ovary and the bird will not lay
how do we perform an ovocentesis?
Per-cloacally (not through skin)
o Put a forceps into the oviduct and try to open it and visualize the egg
o Then, drill a hole in the egg with a needle
o Aspirate the egg content or enlarge the hole with a hemostat
o Collapse the egg at the same time (negative pressure will help)
o Remove shell piece by piece
Sinusotomy: when is it used?
Mainly in poultry with granulomatous sinusitis
type of birds that commonly geet bumblefoot? how do we treat?
- Falcons and chickens usually
- Only if foot grossly swollen
- Debridement
- Culture
- Freshen skin edges
- Close with tension sutures
(horizontal mattress) - Bandages for at least 1 month
how to remove bird eye
ocular evisceration in birds (vs enucleation)
issues with orthopedic surgery in birds, and positive differences
- Main differences
o Flight is more demanding than walking (wing bone
repair needs to be near perfect)
o Bones are more brittle
o Some bones are pneumatized
o Birds are small so not all equipment can be used
o Birds are more resistant to osteomyelitis
o Only very light constructs should be used
o Healing is fast (4-6 weeks)
o Mainly endosteal callus, also subtle healing on radiographs
specific equipment for orthopedics in birds
- Small pins
o Positive threaded small pins
o Spinal needles - Connecting ESF bars
o PMMA
(polymethylmethacrylate)
o FESSA system
pros and cons of IM pin for bird orthopedics
o Does not counteract rotation
o Enough for transverse factures in small birds
o Easy and fast to do
