BIRDS

Question 1

The_________is the area with feathers and the ___________is where feathers are absent .

Answer 1

Pterylae

Apteria

Question 2

Which bone supports the wing structure and is larger in birds?

Answer 2

The ulna

Question 3

The birds neck is very flexible because?

Answer 3

They only have one occipital condyle joint instead of two. They also have a neck which is 2.5 X longer than mammals.

Question 4

This structure is large and supports the organs and movement of respiration due to the absence of a diapraghm ?

Answer 4

Keel/Sternum

Question 5

The movement of these two things aid in respiration due to lack of a diaphragm ?

Answer 5

Sternum and Ribs

Question 6

When examining a birds feathers or performing venipuncture which way should the feathers be spread?

Answer 6

Spread the feathers sideways- (left and right )NOT up and down

Question 7

Four places where venipuncture can be done?

Answer 7

Ulnar Vein, Medial Metatarsal, tarsometatarusus and jugular

Question 8

places where IO access is available

Answer 8

ulna, tibiotarsus

Question 9

Place where SQ fluid administration can be done?

Answer 9

Femur

Question 10

True or false: The keel connects to the coracoid but not the clavicle?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Body condition can be felt by ?

Answer 11

Palpating both sides of the keel

Question 12

Which muscles are used in the downstroke when flying?

Answer 12

Pectorals- a big muscle is needed to overcome wind and gravity.

Question 13

Which muscle is used for the upstroke in flying?

Answer 13

Small supra coracoidues

Question 14

What is the purpose of the patagium?

Answer 14

It is an elastic tissue which gives more surface area fro flight and houses the major and minor ligaments

Question 15

What is the total blood volume of a bird?

Answer 15

10%

Question 16

What is the function of the crop?

Answer 16

It’s a storage place and it does NOT produce gastric secretions

Question 17

What is the glandular stomach in a bird?

Answer 17

Proventriculus

Question 18

What is the muscular stomach of a bird?

Answer 18

Ventriculus

Question 19

Can lymph nodes be palpated in a bird?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

The stomach is found on this side of the bird and the intestines on the other

Answer 20

Stomach left ,intestines right

Question 21

The kidneys in a bird excrete this substance?

Answer 21

Uric acid

Question 22

What is the maintenance dose of fluids for birds?

Answer 22

50ml/kg/day

Question 23

Over how many days should a dehydration deficit be replaced in a bird?

Answer 23

3 days

Question 24

What amount of blood can be safely taken from a bird?

Answer 24

1cc/100g

Question 25

Name the 5 anterior air sacs and 4 posterior

Answer 25

Anterior: Cervical-2, Interclavicular-1 Anterior thoracic -2 Posterior: Posterior thoracic -2 Abdominal -2

Question 26

Describe the respiratory cycle of a bird

Answer 26

Inspiration -Expansion of air sacs ->Air comes in goes to the posterior sacs and a little in the lungs Expiration- contraction of air sac -o2 from caudal sacs to the lungs , non oxygenated o2 to the cranial air sac and out GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS DURING INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

Question 27

True or false: Birds have a high functional residual volume

Answer 27

False- birds have NO functional residual volume

Question 28

If placing an air sac cannulation due to obstruction of the trachea it should be placed in the ________?

Answer 28

Caudal abdominal air sac

Question 29

Predator birds eyes will be placed in this position?

Answer 29

Facing the front and Preys eyes will be lateral

Question 30

If you see vessels while performing a fundic exam on a bird they are from the ________?

Answer 30

Choroid the retina is avascular

Question 31

True or False: Birds have an indirect and direct PLR

Answer 31

False only direct

Question 32

What organ covers the birds heart?

Answer 32

The liver not the lungs

Question 33

What is the correct order for passage of food through the digestive organs

Answer 33

Mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard/Ventriculus , duodenum, ileum, cecum, rectum, coprodeum of cloaca

Question 34

Fusion of the last 3-4 caudal vertebrae is called this.

Answer 34

Pygostyle

Question 35

The nictitating membrane moves from ________ to __________?

Answer 35

Superionasal to Inferiotemporal

Question 36

What is the reason birds need to move their heads around to see?

Answer 36

Because of sclera like ossicles which are a hard structure and limit ocular motility

Question 37

_________Used in domestic animals during a fundic exam do not work in birds?

Answer 37

Mydraitics

Question 38

Cause he mentioned this during our lecture on birds... | ________________ Is a place where you may draw blood and place a Doppler on a turtle?

Answer 38

Subcarapacial plexus- however you may get lymph contamination

Question 39

What is the triosseal Canal?

Answer 39

The Junction of the clavicle, coracoid and scapula

Question 40

What may happen to the papillae if a bird has a nutrition deficiency ?

Answer 40

They will become blunt

Question 41

What is the proper way to posistion a bird for a radiograph?

Answer 41

Need symmetry - keel superimposed with the spine

Question 42

This connects the oral cavity to the respiratory system?

Answer 42

Choana

Question 43

What is the "retching system"

Answer 43

Flexor tendon and tendon sheath that provide grip on flexion

Question 44

Which area of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

Answer 44

Fovea

Question 45

_________provides nutrients to the retinal tissue?

Answer 45

Pecten