Birth trauma of the newbom. Flashcards
(50 cards)
what is caput succedunum ?
it is a diffuse edematous often dark swelling
the edema is often between th periosteum and the overlying skin
during labour the high pressure on the head ceases the venous drainage
it usually extends across the midlines and the suture line
when is caput succedaneum usually seen ?
prolonged labour in full term or preterm infants
what is the treatment for caput succedaneum ?
the edema vanishes within couple of days without anything.
what is cephalohematoma ?
haemorrhage underneath the periosteum , from the damage of the subperiosteal vessels
because the swelling is periosteal the swelling is restricted to the boundaries of the bones unlike caput succedenum - it does not cross the suture lines
what can be seen under the cephalohematoma ?
a linear skull fracture
what causes cephalohematoma
prolonged labour
instrumental delivery such as forceps and suctioning
what is the treatment of cephalohematoma ?
typically resolves spontaneously but recommended to aspirate the blood to reduce the calcification especially is there is a linear fracture beneath the cephaloheamtoma may organise and calcify and form a central depression
what are the other common haemorrhage injuries ?
retinal and subconjuctval haemorrhage which usually resolves on its own
why does spinal cord and spinal injuries occur in neonates
result of hyperextended posture
fractures of the vertebrae and spinal cord innjuries leading to neurological dysfunction have signs such as ?
absence of deep tendon reflexes
absence of response to painful stimuli
if not fatal with time - bowel and bladder problems
spasticity
hyperreflexia
what causes brachial plexus injury ?
traction of the neck
what do you call the brachial plexus paresisi of C5-C6 ?
erb - Duchenne paralysier
what are the signs and symptoms of C5-C6 paralysis ?
cannot abduct the arm at the shoulder
cannot externally rotate the arm
or supinate the forearms
= waiter tip hand
absent moro reflex on involved side
so the clinical presentation is adducted , internally roasted and pronated arm
what are the all the vertebrae affecting the phrenic nerve palsy ?
c3 ,c4 , c5
what leads to phrenic nerve palsy ?
paralysis of the diaphragm = respiratory distress
what is the klumpke paralysis
injury to the cervical nerves of c7-c8 and TH1
in klumpke paralysis what are the signs and symptoms ?
paralysed hand and arm - affects the intrinsic muscles and represents a claw hand
forarm is supinate and wrist and fingers are hyperextended and flexion and the interphalneag and metatarsophalanageal joints are flexed
if sympathetic nerves affects - ipsilateral horner syndrome = ptosis = drooping of the eyelid meiosis = constricted pupils = missing gasping relief = decreased sweating
what is the treatment from klumpke paralysis
fixation by the flexion of the affected arm for 10 days
facial nerve is a result of which nerve ?
7th cranial nerve
what causes facial nerve palsy ?
use forceps
what are the signs and symptoms of facial nerve palsy ?
asymmetric crying face
affected side is flaccid
eye does not close
nasolabial fold
what is complication of facial nerve palsy ?
protecting the conjuctivitis
if there is any fracture to the cranium of the baby do we treat it ?
require no treatment
are fractures of the cranium a common thing ?
it is rare and usually LINEAR
