Bisecting angle Technique Flashcards by Viela Naomi

The tooth and film packet should be

parallel to one another

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The film should be positioned with its long axis vetically for

incisors and canines

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The film should be positioned with its long axis horizontally for

premolars and
molars

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The positioning should be

reproducible

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Two techniques for periapical radiography have been
developed.

The paralleling technique
The bisected angle technique

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The focal spot (Source of radiation) should
be

small as possible.

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The focal spot – Object distance should
be

as long as possible.

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The Object – Film distance should be

as small as possible

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The long axis of the object & the film planes
should be

parallel.

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The X-Ray beam should strike the object &
the film planes________

at right angles.

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There should be no movement of the tube, film or patient during exposure.

(Given by Mason & Lincoln)

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BISECTING ANGLE TECHNIQUE SYNONYMS

Short cone
technique
 Finger holding
technique

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PARALLELING TECHNIQUE SYNONYMS

 Long cone
technique.
 Right angle
technique.
 Extension
paralleling
technique

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What is the rule of isometry?

Two triangles are equal if
they have two equal
angles and share a
common side

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Bitewing projections shows

Crowns of maxillary and mandibular teeth and adjacent alveolar crest

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Occlusal projections

Shows an area of teeth and bone larger than periapical film

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It is also called as interproximal radiographs

Bitewing projections

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BISECTING TECHNIQUE

Use of film holder is not mandatory

Rinn BAI
 Stable bite block
 Snap-A-Ray

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PARALLELING TECHNIQUE
Use of film holder is mandatory

Rinn XCP
 Precision film
holders
 Grip film holder
 Hemostat with bite
block

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Indications of Bitewing Projection

DETECTION OF INTERPROXIMAL CARIES

-MONITORING PROGRESSION OF DENTAL CARIES

-DETECTION OF SECONDARY CARIES BELOW RESTORATIONS

-EVALUATING PERIODONTAL CONDITIONS.

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Exposure sequence (number of films depends on;

curvature of arch
number of teeth present

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The film is place in mouth ______ to the crowns of both the _____ and _____ teeth

Parallel, Upper and Lower

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The central ray of the x-ray beam is directed through the contacts of the teeth, using a ______

Study These Flashcards

+10 vertical angulation

(SIZE OF FILM) It is a longer and narrower film used only for bitewing radiographs and spares horizontally from premolar to molar area results in overlapping of the contacts

Study These Flashcards

size 3

If the bitewing holder is used, the aiming ring indicates the ________

Proper PID angulations

If the bitewing tab is used, then both the_________ and ________ angulation must be ____________

Horizontal and Vertical. Precisely determined

The central ray is perpendicular to the curvature of the arch and through the contact areas of teeth

Horizontal Angulations

The central ray is perpendicular to the long axis of tooth, a 10+ vertical angulation is recommended for the bitewing radiograph.

Vertical angulations

Patient Positioning device and angulations patient positioning

-Patient is seated upright the chair adjusted to a comfortable working position - Secure the lead apron and thyroid collar - Remove all foreign objects from the face and mouth

Basic rules of bitewing techniques. The film must be placed to cover the prescribed area

FILM PLACEMENT

The film must be positioned parallel to the crowns of both the upper and lower teeth and stabilized by biting on the film holder or tab

Film Position

The central ray must be directed at +10

Vertical angulation

The central ray must be directed through the contact area between the teeth

Horizontal Angulation

The x-ray beam must be centered on the film to ensure that all the areas of the film are exposed and thus partial image or cone cut is avoided

Film exposure

Advantages of film holder

-Avoiding coming of the anterior part of the film - All parts of the holder are autoclavable. -Film packet can be held firmly and cannot be displaced by the tounge.

What is the used of film holders?

To stabilized the film

It is a modified of Rinn-XCP film holder used in periapical radiography

Benn Reproducible film packet holder

Disadvantages of Benn Reproducible film packet holder

- Expensive -Not suitable for children and adult bitewing -Positioning of the holder can be uncomfortable for the patient

It is made up of paper loop

Bite Tab

Advantages of Bite tab

-Simple -Not expensive -Disposable -Can be used easily in children

Disadvantages of bite tab

-Coming off the anterior part of film -The tongue can be easily displace the film packet

This technique is used to examine large areas of upper and lower jaw, palate and floor of the mouth.

OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY

Indications of occlusal radiogrpahy

- To locate retained roots of extracted teeth - To locate foreign bodies in either jaws -To locate salivary stones in Wharton's duct at the floor of the mouth. -To examine area of cleft palate -To evaluate boundaries of the maxillary sinus

Classification of both Maxillary and Mandibular

-Topographic/anterior -Cross sectional -Lateral

Basic Principle of Occlusal Radiography

-Film is stabilized when patient bites on surface of film -Film is positioned with white side facing the arch

ANGULATION (VIEWS) CROSS SECTIONAL ( MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR)

MAXILLARY = +65 MANDIBULAR = 90

ANGULATION (VIEWS) TOPOGRAPHIC (MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR)

MAXILLARY = +45 MANDIBULAR = -10

ANGULATION (VIEWS) LATERAL (MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR)

MAXILLARY = +60 MANDIBULAR =-55

3X LARGER THAN SIZE 2 FILMS (57 X 76 MM)

OCCLUSAL FILM

Maxillary cross-sectional view This projection shows the palate, zygomatic process of maxilla, anterior of each etc

Image field

Maxillary cross-sectional view The film is placed crosswise into the mouth and gently pushed back until it contacts the anterior boarder of rami

Film placement

Maxillary cross-sectional view Generally central ray enters the patient's face through the bridge of the nose

Projections of the central ray

- This projection shows the anterior maxilla and its dentition -It also includes anterior floor of nasal fossa and the teeth from canine to canine

Image field

The film is placed with exposure side towards the maxilla and long dimension crosswise in the mouth

Film placement

- The central ray is directed towards the middle of the film, The vertical angulation is +65 and horizontal angulation is 0 -Generally central ray enters the patients face through the tip of nose

Projections of the central ray

Anatomical landmarks on maxillary occlusal radiography

-Nasopalatine foramen -Midpalatine suture -Incisive foramina -Hard palate -Nasal septum etc

Bisecting angle Technique Flashcards

(57 cards)