BISHOP (8TH ED. | AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS)

Question 1

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 1

Amino acids

Question 2

The content and arrangement of amino acids in a specific protein are determined by what?

Answer 2

Sequence of bases in the gene that encodes for that protein

Question 3

What are the (3) components that are dependent on amino acids?

Answer 3

Cellular growth, repair, and maintenance

Question 4

What is the action of amino acids?

Answer 4

Catalyze almost all reactions in living cells, controlling virtually all cellular processes

Question 6

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

The content and arrangement of amino acids in a specific protein are determined by what?

Answer 7

Sequence of bases in the gene that encodes for that protein

Question 8

What are the (3) components that are dependent on amino acids?

Answer 8

Cellular growth, repair, and maintenance

Question 9

What is the action of proteins?

Answer 9

Catalyze almost all reactions in living cells, controlling virtually all cellular processes

Question 10

What are the (2) components of a single amino acid?

Answer 10

1. (1) amino group
2. (1) carboxyl functional group

Question 11

What is the N-terminal end of the amino group?

Answer 11

(-NH2)

Question 12

What is the C-terminal end of the carboxyl group?

Answer 12

(-COOH)

Question 13

The N-terminal end of the amino group and C-terminal end of the carboxyl group are bonded to the what forming an amino acid?

Answer 13

α-carbon

Question 14

How does amino acids differ from one another?

Answer 14

By chemical composition of their R group (side chains)

Question 15

The chain of amino acids is linked by what?

Answer 15

Peptide bonds

Question 16

When a chain of amino acids is linked by peptide bonds, it is known as what?

Answer 16

Polypeptide

Question 17

A large polypeptide constitutes what?

Answer 17

Protein

Question 18

Proteins found in human serum range from how many amino acids in the length of their polypeptide chains?

Answer 18

100 - 150

Question 19

How many are the amino acids?

Answer 19

20

Question 20

What are nutritionally essential amino acids?

Answer 20

These must be supplied by the diet in the form of proteins

Question 21

What are the (2) proteolytic enzymes?

Answer 21

1. Pepsin
2. Trypsin

Question 22

What is the role of pepsin and trypsin?

Answer 22

Completely digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids

Question 23

What will happen to the amino acids that are from complete digestion of dietary proteins?

Answer 23

They are rapidly absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream and become part of the body’s pool of amino acids

Pepsin and trypsin digest dietary proteins to amino acids -> amino acids are absorbed from intestine to bloodstream -> become part of body’s pool of amino acids = Digest (dietary proteins to amino acids) -> absorbed (intestine to bloostream) -> to body

Question 24

Amino acids are also released by catabolism of body proteins to be used for what?

Answer 24

For energy or synthesis of new proteins

Question 25

What are the (10) **essential** amino acids?

Answer 25

1. **Arginine** 2. **Histidine** 3. **Isoleucine** 4. **Leucine** 5. **Lysine** 6. **Methionine** 7. **Phenylalanine** 8. **Threonine** 9. **Tryptophan** 10. **Valine**

Question 26

What amino acid may also be classified as **semiessential**?

Answer 26

**Arginine**

Question 27

Why is **arginine** may also be classified as semiessential?

Answer 27

Because **dietary supplementation** is required in **youth**, but **adults** can also **synthesize** adequate amounts to meet the body's needs

Question 28

What are the (10) amino acids that can be **synthesized** by the human body in adequate amounts?

Answer 28

1. **Alanine** 2. **Asparagine** 3. **Aspartic acid** 4. **Cysteine** 5. **Glutamic acid** 6. **Glutamine** 7. **Glycine** 8. **Proline** 9. **Serine** 10. **Tyrosine**

Question 29

What are **nonessential** amino acids?

Answer 29

**Not** necessary to be obtained from dietary intake

Question 30

What are the (2) types of amino acids?

Answer 30

1. **Essential** 2. **Nonessential**

Question 31

**True or False** Some **nonessential** amino acids are **produced** from **essential** amino acids

Answer 31

True