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Environmental Med for Dummies > BITES > Flashcards

BITES Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of domestic animal bites are from dogs?

A

80-90%

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2
Q

What percentage of domestic animal bites are from cats?

A

5-15%

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3
Q

Dogs younger than ________ are responsible for the highest incidence of bites.

A

One Year Old

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4
Q

What is a common pathogen found in wound infections from dog bites?

A

Pasteurella multocida

Dogs out on the Pasture

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5
Q

What are the indications for antibiotics for a patient that suffered a dog bite?

A

1) Face bite >24 hours
2) Extremity bite that hasn’t been irrigated in over 8 hours
3) Immunocomprimised
4) Crush injury or significant contamination of wound
5) Bites on hands or feet

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6
Q

What is the primary medication treatment for dog bites?

A

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)

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7
Q

What is the medication treatment for a dog bites in a patient that has a penicillin allergy?

A

Clindamycin and a Fluoroquinolone (Cipro)

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8
Q

What domestic animal bite has the highest infection rate when compared to other domestic animals?

A

Cat

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9
Q

What percentage of cat bites are due to Pasteurella?

A

70%

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10
Q

70% of cat bites are due to what pathogen?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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11
Q

What are the indications for antibiotics for a patient that suffered a cat bite?

A

1) Face bite >24 hours
2) Extremity bite that hasn’t been irrigated in over 8 hours
3) Immunocomprimised
4) Crush injury or significant contamination of wound
5) Bites on hands or feet

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12
Q

What is the primary medication treatment for cat bites?

A

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)

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13
Q

What is the medication treatment for a cat bites in a patient that has a penicillin allergy?

A

Clindamycin and a Fluoroquinolone (Cipro)

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14
Q

Antibiotics should be directed against ________________________ when a patient suffers a wild animal bite while exposed to natural bodies of fresh water (Crocodile/Alligator bite)

A

Aeromonas hydrophila

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15
Q

What are the medication treatments for a patient that suffered an animal bite while exposed to natural bodies of fresh water (Crocodile/Alligator bite)?

A

1) Trimethoprim- Sulfamethaxazole (Bactrim)

2) Doxycycline

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16
Q

Antibiotics should be directed against ________________________ when a patient suffers a wild animal bite while exposed to Salt Water (Ocean)

A

Vibrio Species

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17
Q

What are the medication treatments for a patient that suffered an animal bite while exposed to Salt Water (Oceans)?

A

Doxycycline PLUS Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

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18
Q

Increased prevention and control measures have led to a _____% reduction in malaria mortality rates globally

A

60%

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19
Q

_____________________is home to 89% of malaria cases and 91% of malaria deaths.

A

Sub Saharan Africa

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20
Q

__________-Borne Illnesses

1) Malaria
2) Encephalitis,
3) Yellow fever,
4) Dengue,
5) Chikungunya,
6) Zika,
7) Lymphatic filariasis.
8) Eastern equine encephalitis,
9) Western equine encephalitis,
10) St. Louis encephalitis,
11) La Crosse encephalitis,
12) West Nile virus.

A

Mosquito Borne Illnesses

21
Q

What are the mosquito-borne illnesses found in the United States?

A

1) Eastern Equine Encephalitis
2) Western Equine Encephalitis
3) St. Louis Encephalitis
4) La Crosse Encephalitis
5) West Nile virus.

22
Q

Who should be contacted for the most current Force Protection recommendations when deploying or conducting field operations?

A

1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

And

2) Local COCOM and TYCOM

23
Q

What is a critical component of treatment for mosquito-borne illness?

A

Prevention

24
Q

What is the order of insects that includes ants, bees, and wasps?

A

Hymenoptera

Hymen Opera

25
Q

More people die in the U.S. from _____________ than from any other animal bites or stings.

A

Bee, Hornet and Wasp stings

26
Q

What is the most common reaction to a Hymenoptera Sting?

A

Small red patch that burns and itches (Local Reaction)

27
Q

What are the signs of a Local Reaction to a Hymenoptera Sting?

A

Small red patch that burns and itches

28
Q

What are the signs of a Generalized Reaction to a Hymenoptera Sting?

A

1) Diffuse red skin
2) Hives
3) Swelling of lips and tongue
4) Wheezing
5) Abdominal cramps
6) Diarrhea

29
Q

Stings to what locations are more serious and may cause airway swelling?

A

Mouth and Throat

30
Q

What are COMMON signs of MULTIPLE Hymonoptera Stings?

A

1) Vomiting
2) Diarrhea
3) Dyspnea
4) Hypotension
5) Tachycardia
6) Syncope

31
Q

What are signs of the advanced stages of toxicity in victims with Hymenoptera Stings?

A

1) Increased muscle activity with hyperkalemia
2) Acute tubular necrosis
3) Renal failure
4) Pancreatitis
5) Coagulopathy
6) Heart attack
7) Stroke

32
Q

A patient has increased muscle activity which is a sign of the advance stages of toxicity in victims with Hymenoptera Stings, what could this be due to?

A

Hyperkalemia

High Potassium

33
Q

Which of the following would be the best question to ask about a patients PERTINENT HISTORY if concerned for a mosquito borne illness?

A) Have you traveled in the last year?
B) Have you traveled in the last 3 months?
C) Are you experiencing any neurological deficits?

A

A) Have you traveled in the last year?

** Incubation time for Mosquito-Borne Illness is up to a YEAR**

34
Q

How should the stinger be removed for Hymenoptera Stings?

A

1) Scrape away the stinger in a horizontal fashion

2) Do not grasp the stinger sac

35
Q

What should be done if the stinger can not be removed after a Hymenoptera Sting?

A

If one is unable to remove the stinger in a horizontal fashion, it is most important to remove it as soon as possible by any available means.

36
Q

What is the treatment for a patient suffering a Hymenoptera Sting WITHOUT If hives, wheezing and respiratory difficulty.

A

1) Remove stinger
2) Wash with soap/water
3) Cold Compress/ice
4) Pain relief
5) Antihistamine/Topical Steroid Cream

37
Q

What is the treatment for a patient suffering a Hymenoptera Sting, If hives occur with wheezing and respiratory difficulty?

A

1) Give Epinephrine Immediately every 5-10 minutes
2) Beta agonist inhalers (Albuterol) for wheezing
3) Oral steroids and antihistamines

38
Q

Ticks transmit many diseases, to include: (8)

A

1) Lyme Disease
2) Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
3) Relapsing fever
4) Colorado tick fever
5) Ehrlichiosis
6) Babesiosis
7) Tularemia
8) Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI)

39
Q

________ are found in areas replete with weeds, shrubs, and trails.

A

Ticks

40
Q

What is a NON-INFECTIOUS ascending paralysis similar to Guillain-Barre syndrome, that occurs after 5 days of a tick attaching

A

Tick Paralysis

41
Q

What antihistamines should be given to a patient with a Hymenoptera Sting that is currently “Down Range”?

A

1) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

or

2) Loratadine (Claritin)

They are non-drowsy

42
Q

What is curative for Tick Paralysis?

A

Removing the tick

43
Q

Tick Paralysis occurs within _____ days after the tick attaches.

A

Five days

44
Q

What is the tick removal process?

A

1) Use thin-tipped tweezers or forceps to grasp the tick as close to the skin surface as possible
2) Pull the tick straight upward
3) Wash the bite with soap and water
4) Wash your hands
5) Watch for local infection and symptoms of tick-borne illness (for 3-30 days)
6) If Lyme Disease, RMSF, Tularemia, or Ehrlichiosis is suspected: Doxy and MEDEVAC

45
Q

What are the “DO NOTS” of tick removal?

A

1) Do not use PETROLEUM JELLY
2) Do not use NAIL POLISH
3) Do not use RUBBING ALCOHOL
4) Do not use a HOT MATCH
5) Do not use GASOLINE
6) Do not grab the REAR END of the tick. This expels gastric contents and increases the chances of infection.
7) Do not TWIST or jerk the tick, as this will most likely cause incomplete removal of the tick.

46
Q

Where should the tick be grasped for removal?

A

As close the skin surface as possible

47
Q

What is the incubation period for tick borne illnesses?

A

3-30 days

48
Q

What are the 3 symptoms that should be watched for as a sign of tick-borne illness?

A

Headache

Fever

Rash

49
Q

What direction should the tick be steadily pulled when removing?

A

Straight Upward

Environmental Med for Dummies (12 decks)

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