Bits

Question 1

What must you assess in distal radius fracture

Answer 1

Anatomical snuff box

Question 2

What organ does NSF affect

Answer 2

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

• eyes
• skin
• joints
• muscles
• liver
• lungs
• heart

Question 3

What are some signs of bronchiectasis on CXR

Answer 3

Ring opacities
-end on bronchi with thickened walls

Tram tracks
-side on dilated bronchi with thickened walls

cystic spaces

tubular opacites
-side on mucus filled bronchi

Question 4

What are some signs of COPD

Answer 4

Hyperinflated chest

Bullae

Narrow elongated heart
-relative appearance against hyperinflated lungs

Pulmonary vascular pruning
-destruction of lung parenchyma - distorted vasculature

Question 5

What are some signs of PF

Answer 5

Reduced lung volumes

Reticulonodular shadowing

Ground glass appearance - early stage

Honeycombing - advanced stages

Question 6

What are some signs of pulmonary oedema

Answer 6

Alveolar shadowing

Kerly B lines

Cardiomegaly

Dilated pulmonary vessels in upper lobes

Pleural effusion

Question 7

How can pleural effusions appear

Answer 7

Large
-white out

small
-blunt costophrenic angles

Question 8

What is a sign of IBD on AXR

Answer 8

Thumprinting

-oedematous bowel

Question 9

How would you distinguish crohns and UC

Answer 9

Crohns

• skip lesions
• cobblestoning - ulceration and wall oedema
• small bowel obstruction - strictures

UC

• Rectal involement
• oedematous bowel walls - thumbprinting

Question 10

What proportion of urinary calciculi are radio-opaque

Answer 10

80% - contain calcium

Also have staghorn calculus

Question 11

What is at risk in supracondylar humerus fracutre

Answer 11

median nerve and brachial artery rupture

Question 12

What are some signs of OA

Answer 12

Loss of joint space
Osteophyte
Pan
Deformation
Heberden's nodes
Bouchard's node

Question 13

What are some RF for pneumonia

Answer 13

Age
Institutionalised
Patients who have no fixed abode

Question 14

What are some signs of RA

Answer 14

Ulnar deviation
Pain
Swan neck deformity
Boutonierre deformity

Question 15

What is the classification of facial fracture

Answer 15

Le Fort
1) Horizontal fracture on lower maxilla

2) Complex, pyramid shaped fracture from nasal bridge to pterygoid plates
3) Trasncerse fracture of face and dissociation

Question 16

How do gallstones appear on USS

Answer 16

Hyperechoic

Question 17

How do cysts appear on USS

Answer 17

Hypoechoic

Question 18

How would acutre cholecystitis appear on USS

Answer 18

Thickened gall bladder wall

Question 19

Where does the azygous vein run

Answer 19

Posterior right mediastinum - drains into SVC

Question 20

How does a pleural effusion appear on CT

Answer 20

Crescent shaped

Supine: Accumulates posteriorly in costophrenic sulcus

Question 21

How does PE appear on CTPA

Answer 21

Intraluminal filling defect in pulmonary arterial tree

Enlargement of main pulmonary artery and right atrium due to strain

Wedge lung infarction

Hypoperfusion in distribution of occluded vessel

Question 22

What is a feature of pancreatic cancer on CT

Answer 22

Variably dense patches

Biliary or pancreatic dilatation

Question 23

What are features of AAA on CT

Answer 23

Infrarenal aortic diameter of 3cm or mote
Mural thrombus
Calcification

Question 24

Are most brain tumours primary or mets

Answer 24

Primary most common

mets from

• lung
• breast
• melanoma
• renal

Question 25

CTH in acute setting

Answer 25

Confirm diagnosis where clinical suspicion Exclude serious pathology Exclude intracranial injury in head injury

Question 26

What are the radiation doses for: - Background: - CXR: - AXR: - CT chest: - CT head - CT abdo

Answer 26

- Background: 2.7mSV - CXR: 0.01-2 - AXR: 1mSV - CT chest: 8mSV - CT head - 2mSV - CT abdo - 10 mSV

Question 27

Why do subdurals occur

Answer 27

Torn cerebral vein

Question 28

Why do extra dural bleeds occur

Answer 28

Rupture of artery Rarely crosses suture lines Lucid period before rapid neurological deterioration Rapid rise in ICP

Question 29

Why do SAH occur

Answer 29

rupture of cerebral artery aneurysm or AV malformation Thunderclap headache Blood between arachnoid and pia --> symptoms of meningism May cause immediate LOC from which the patient never recovers

Question 30

How do you diagnose SAH

Answer 30

Normal brain imaging and CSF required to exclude SAH

Question 31

What are some indications to image thoracolumbar spine injury

Answer 31

Age > 65 w/ reported spinal pain Dangerous mechanism of injury Pre-existing spinal pathology Suspected spinal fracture in another area Abnormal neurological symptoms EX: Abnormal neurological signs New deformity or bony midline tenderness on palpation percussion coughing

Question 32

What are the canadian C spine rules

Answer 32

High risk: Age > 65 Dangerous mech Paraesthesia to limb Low risk: Minor rear end shunt Comfortable sat Ambulatory No midline C spine tenderness Delayed onset neck pain

Question 33

Why do you CT the spine

Answer 33

Adults: - Indicated by Canadian C spine -Strong suspicion of thoracolumbosacral spin injury w/ associated neurological signs or symptoms Children and adults: -X ray if suspected injury w/ no signs or symptoms -CT if XR abnormal or signs If new spinal column fracture confirmed, image the rest of the column

Question 34

Where does the trachea bifurcate

Answer 34

T5-7

Question 35

C1 fractures

Answer 35

C1

Question 36

What are the views for ankle

Answer 36

AP with 15* int rotation | Lateral

Question 37

what is SPECT heart

Answer 37

sestamibi - uptaken by mitochondria - rest and stress test