Bk 29 Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
What is ventilation
A
Systematic removal of heat, smoke, fire gases from structure and replacing w/ color clean fresh air
2
Q
Effective ventilation accomplishes
A
- saves lives
- Assist FF access
- Control horizontal spread
- Reduce chance of flashover/backdraft
3
Q
Flashover
A
contents of a room heated to ignition temp and entire room ignites
4
Q
Backdraft
A
contents reach ignition temp and there isn’t sufficient O2 to support combustion leading to an explosive inferno
5
Q
Horizontal ventilation: Natural and positive
A
- natural- opening windows, doors and allowing wind to ventilate
- Positive- forcing clean, fresh pressurized air in w/ blowers
6
Q
What is the key to effective vertical ventilation
A
knowledge of rafter type and direction
7
Q
Older construction
A
solid lumber
withstand fire longer
cut directly over fire
8
Q
lightweight
A
fail fast
reduced time on roof
trade space for time: complete operation prior to fire impinging on ventilation hole
9
Q
two types of ventilation holes
A
- heat hole (offensive)
- strip (defensive)
10
Q
what is a strip
A
long narrow section of roofing place well ahead of fire, acts as a firebreak
extend entire width used in conjunction w/ a heat hole
11
Q
center rafter cut
A
cutting plywood
4 cuts
12
Q
decking
A
material used for base and exterior covering
13
Q
diaphragm nailing
A
plywood installed so 8’ side crosses rafters
staggered like brick wall
14
Q
kerf cut
A
single cut made through decking, same width as saw blade
alternative to smoke indicator hole
15
Q
H clips
A
metal clips used to hold butted ends of plywood together, common on pitched roofs
16
Q
nailing block
A
2”x4” laid flat b/t rafters to provide nailing surface for the edge of plywood sheathing
4’ apart
17
Q
plug cut
A
small triangle piece of roof covering (comp)
Determines sheathing type and roof comp thickness
18
Q
Score cut
A
light cut of roof covering (comp only)
helps removal of multiple layers of comp
19
Q
smoke indicator hole
A
small triangle cut through roof decking (sheathing and roofing material)
indicates conditions directly below
20
Q
How often do you place smoke indicator hole
A
every few years
21
Q
Turbine style ventilators are ___ % more effective when spinning
A
30
22
Q
45 degree cut
A
2 cuts to identify rafter direction
23
Q
45 degree inspection cut
A
- rafter type and direction
- sheathing type
- thickness of comp
- smoke indicator hole
*roll after rafter 6-10”
24
Q
center rafter louver cut inside rafter how many inches
A
2-3”
25
when cutting panel stay how many inches inside purins to avoid hangers
4-6"
26
Gable roof rafter spacing and size
2x6" 16-24" oc or 36" steep pitch
ridge board 1x6" or no ridge board
27
Lightweight gable rater size and spacing
2x3 or 2x4 trusses held by metal gussets every 24" oc
28
metal gusset plate
18 gauge
3/8" penetration
29
Hip roof rafter size and spacing
2x6" 16-24" oc or 36" steep pitch
ridge board 1x6" or none
30
Bridge truss built
1930s and 1940s
31
bridge truss size
2x12" lumber
2x6" or larger rafters
32
what is knob and tube
pair of wiring suspended by ceramic insulators passing through ceramic tubes
33
curtain construction method can be about __ % faster than conventional construction
60
34
Positive pressure ventilation, exhaust opening must be what size the entrance opening
3/4"-1 3/4"
35
18" blower effective to what size house
2,000 square feet
36
blower is effective against winds up to __ mph
25 mph
37
positive pressure ventilation is how many times effective than negative ventilation
twice
38
In series large blower placed how many feet from door
2'
39
if in series w/ unequal blowers what's the order of blowers
large first
small blower second
40
if entrance opening is limited to 3 or 4 feet raised porched what's the order of blowers
smaller blower in entrance
large blower 3-4 feet back from door
41
in series blowers increases capacity of front blower by __ %
10
42
Removing screens increases ventilation by __%
50
43
carbon monoxide limits
500 ppm= inhaled for 1 hr w/ no effect
700 ppm=some effects
1200 ppm= very dangerous
4000 ppm= fatal
44
positive pressure vent can lower CO levels from 1000 ppm down to
130-220 ppm
45
what are the two types of elevators
1. cable/electric (drum/traction)
2. Hydraulic
46
Cable/drum is limited to how many feet
150' slow speed
47
Hydraulic elevator limited to how many stories
6 stories
48
equipment room of hydraulic elevator can be how many ft from elevator
50-100'
49
Freight elevator size
12' x 14'
50
freight elevator can carry up to how many tons
3 tons
51
what type of elevator doors
1. swing hall door
2. single slide door
3. center opening door
4. two speed door
52
gib blocks size and spacing
3" wide x 1" high x 1/2" thick
every 18" across bottom of door
53
when elevator car travels in excess of __ % of top speed brakes applied
20
54
reset elevator power
30 seconds
55
hydraulic elevator car w/i how many inches of floor level
6"
56
cable elevator car w/i how many inches of floor level
18"
57
Hydraulic lowering screw labeled
1. ML
2. MAN
3. MANUAL
58
Blind shafts may have access panels/doors every __ floors or __ feet
3 floors or 80 feet
59
In blind elevator shaft, for __ or more floors has no hoist way door
3
60
escalators travel __ to __ feet per person
90-120'
61
escalators carry as many as ___ per hour
5000
62
Some hydraulic elevators over __ stories need counterbalance weights
6
63
pickup arm clutch length for hydraulic elevator
14"
64
pickup arm clutch length for cable elevator
36"
65
Water utilities:
Trunk lines carry water from ___ to mains w/i distribution system
primary source
66
trunk lines are __ " to __ ft (iron and concrete)
36" to 10 feet
67
main lines size
2" to 72" iron pipe
68
service line between main and meter
1/2" to 12" (iron, copper, galvanized pipe, plastic)
69
customer line b/t meter and structure
1/2" to 12"
70
what kind of indicating valves
OS&Y or PIV
71
water meters (calculate water usage)
1/2" to 10"
72
detector check valves size
2" to 10"
73
acceptable pressure common for dwellings
40 to 80 psi
74
SFD water meter size
1/2" to 2"
75
Hotel water meter size
4" to 6"
76
Apartment water meter size
1" to 3"
77
What are multiple meters for apts/mini malls called
Battery
78
Types of sprinkler systems
1. Automatic wet pipe system= filled w/ water at all times. When head is activated, water immediately flows from activated heads. Supplied by gravity tank, pressure tank, automatic fire pump or water service system
2. Automatic dry pip system= pipes filled w/ compressed air. When head is activated air is released, allows water to enter
3. non-automatic system= pipes are dry. FD must pump into FDC
4. Deluge system= sprinklers are open/closed and supplied w/ water by head actuated valve
79
Dry standpipe
siamese connection
2 1/2" outlets
80
wet standpipe
occupant use
100' of 1 1/2" unlined single jacketed hose w/ a 1/2" straight tip w/ no shut off
81
diameter cap size and color for hydrant
6"
Blue
82
how many turns to close hydrants and what % clockwise
18-26 turns
98% clockwise
83
Ignition temp of natural gas
1100 degrees
84
flash point natural gas
4-14%
85
water Transmission line size
12" to 36"
up to 1000 psi
86
Service lines medium pressure of
40-60 psi max
87
service meter pressure
1/3 psi
88
MSA (meter set assemblies) found in what areas
1. outside
2. underneath structure
3. curb meter box
4. cabinet set
89
ring on stopcock
branch service (serves another residence)
90
Flat washer
service line is plastic (inserted into an older metal pipe)
91
band on stopcock
plastic line
92
regulator reduces medium pressure to relatively low level
1/3 psi
93
how many rescue air cushions are 100 ft
6 bags
94
how many rescue air cushions are 70 feet
18 bags
95
what is assigned for a jumper call
BC
Task Force
Rescue
96
air cushion absorbs and dissipates energy in less than __ of a second
1/6
97
air bag inflates in less than
60 seconds
98
air bag reinflates in less than
20 seconds
99
air bag tear strength
over 50 psi
100
70 foot bag size
15 ft x 20 ft
190 lbs
101
100 foot bag size
20 ft x 50 ft
360 lbs
102
preferred source for rescue cushion
onboard generator, can run two blowers at same time
portable generator cannot run two blowers at the same time
103
main line rated at
10,000 lbs
104
core of rope carries what percent of the load
90%
105
rope working load
666 working load
106
end of rope swapped when
annually
2 black stripes=even years
1 black stripe= odd years
107
approved markers for rope
carter marks a lot
sharpie
bunny smith magic marker
108
how to clean rope
place in bag and wash w/ cold water
109
approved rope cleaners
lifeline
ivory snow
woolite
110
monthly check form
F 975
log when you receive rope, all training, emergency incidents
111
webbing rating
4000 lbs
112
red, yellow, blue webbing length
red=20
yellow=12
blue=5
113
multi loop webbing length
3 feet
114
8mm cord rating
3630 lbs
115
LRH length
20'
116
long prusik length
6'
117
short prusik length
5'
118
carabiners rating
9000 lbs
119
brake bar rack rating
10,000 lbs at welded eye
120
brake bar: how many bars for 1 person
2 persons?
4 bars
5 bars
121
brake bar, never use less than __ bars
3 bars
122
if rapelling or lowering over __ ft use brake bar
75'
123
pickets pounded into ground how many feet and what angle
2'
15 degrees
124
never be __ feet from edge and not tied off
5'
125
secure portable monitor to object capable of withstanding __ lbs of force
900
126
Portable monitor spike replaced if diameter exceeds
1/16"
127
portable monitor drain closes
pressure exceeds 5 psi
opens when drops to 5 psi or lower
128
max flow or portable monitor is 800 gpm unless attached to 4" loaded line
1000 gpm
129
bowstring arch built in
1930s, 40, 50
130
bowstring arch truss size
2x12 or 2x14
131
bowstring arch rafter size
2x6 or larger
132
lamella arch roof lumber size
2x12" w/ steel plates and bolts at junctions of framing
133
__ % of roof removed by fire expect total collapse in "domino effect" for a lamella roof
20%
134
Tied truss member size
2x12" or larger
135
Tied truss rafter size
2x10 or larger
136
Tied truss metal rods diameter
5/8"
137
sawtooth built in what years
1930s and 1940s
138
sawtooth rafter size
2x8" or larger
139
Conventional flat rafter size
2x6" or larger
140
Wooden I Beam chord sizes
2x4" or 2x3"
top chord compression
Bottom chord tension
141
Wooden I Beam stem size
3/8" chipboard or plywood
142
Open Web chord sizes
2x4 or (2) 2x3
143
Open Web steel tube size
1 to 2 inch cold rolled steel
144
Open web span
70 feet
145
Metal gussets plate truss size
2x4"
146
Metal gusset span
80 feet
147
Panelized too rafter size and spacing
2x4"
24" OC by 8' long
148
Panelized beam size and spacing
6x36"
12-40 ft up to 100 ft
149
Panelized purlin size and spacing
4x12"
8' spacing
150
open web bar joist top/bottom chord made of
web supports made of
chords= 1/8" steel
web supports 5/8" steel bar
151
Open web bar joist span up to
45'
152
open web bar joist spaced
8' OC
153
What is robertson decking made up
air entrained mixture of sand, cement, and pea gravel pumped on top of corrugated metal decking w/ wire mesh in the middle
wire mesh= 4x4" or 6x6" up to 3-4" thick
154
Pre 33 Brick construction:
1. mortar w/ sand and lime only, no cement
2. Unreinforced masonry
3. walls 13" thick
4. 3 foot parapet, 5 feet or more along front building if used as a facade
5. Floor and roof joists are "let" into exterior walls (penetrated/resting in a cavity)
6. Straight roof sheathing
7. Roof and floor joists are "fire cut" (ends cut w/ an angle) so that they pull loose during a fire and collapse into the building= w/o pulling down exterior walls
155
Post 33- Long beach earthquake 1933 building codes changed
1. Walls 9" thick
2. reinforced w/ rebar
3. joists and rafters required to be anchored to exterior walls (ledger board attached to walls to attach joist/rafters)
4. cement used in the mortar
5. Diagonal roof sheathing
156
Post 59- after Tehachapi earthquake
1. 4-6" bond beam cap placed on parapets over public walk ways
2. parapet walls should not be higher than 16"
3. Exterior walls drilled at roof level & steel bar/rod installed every 4' and attached to existing roof rafter
-rendered the "fire cut" ineffective
-The steel anchor bar/rods are known as "rafter tie plates"
157
Post 71- Selma Earthquake
1. Anchored walls to floor and roof systems (steel bracing on roof)
2. Strengthening roof construction (plywood, metal straps)
158
How to identify brick construction
1. rafter tie plates (rafters and joists anchored to exterior walls)
2. bond beam cap= extra strength over windows and b/t second floors of multi story
3. Deeply recessed window frames= exposes about 8" of brick (walls at least 13" thick)
4. lime and mortar between brick is white, porous, sandy, and rubbed away by fingernail
5. every 4-7 row of bricks will be king row (laid on end)= additional strength
159
Balloon construction identification
1. built during 20s, 30s, 40s up to 4 stories
2. wood shiplap exterior
3. no horizontal fire block in walls
4. 2x3 or 2x4" rafters w/ 2x4" rough cut studs
