Bk2 Ch4 Bodysystems Flashcards
(26 cards)
To maintain a healthy intake of food we need to include…
Water, fibre and nutrients in our diet.
Where can fibre be found?
cell walls of plants such as cereals, vegetables, fruit, nuts and seeds
Water is a ______ in many
of the chemical reactions
that take place inside us.
Reactant
Water is also required to ______ other chemicals, so that they can be easily transported around the body by ______.
dissolve; blood
What are the effects of a low-fibre diet?
Harder, drier faeces and constipation (difficulty passing faeces). Also bowel cancer
Fibre also soaks up some ______ ______ for removal from our bodies.
poisonous wastes
There are five main nutrients:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
______ are our main source of energy
Carbohydrates
What are carbohydrates are made from?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
The body converts most
carbohydrates into ______
Glucose
Lipids are fats and ______
Oils
Lipids are a rich source of ______, containing twice as much ______ as carbohydrates.
Energy (both)
______ contain important vitamins, and are used for making cell membranes and nerve cells.
Fats
Which nutrient provides insulation against loss
of body heat?
Fats
Which nutrient is required for growth and repair of damaged or worn-out tissues (eg when a wound heals)?
Proteins
Deficiency of which nutrient can lead to a disease called kwashiorkor?
Protein
Which nutrients are needed in small amounts to speed up various chemical reactions in the body
Vitamins
Vitamins are also essential to…
Maintain good health
______ are elements or other chemically simple
substances that are also required for healthy growth
and to avoid deficiency diseases.
Minerals
Minerals that are needed in larger amounts are called ______ _______, whereas those needed in smaller amounts are called ______ ______ .
major elements, trace elements
______ is the process in which nutrients and energy are extracted from the food we eat.
Digestion
Two other names for the gut:
alimentary canal, digestive tract
The gut runs from the ______ to the ______
mouth, anus
At around the age of 18, we
generally have all our ___ adult
teeth, with ___ in each jaw.
32, 16
