Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Civil Rights USA 1865-1992 > Black Americans > Flashcards

Black Americans Flashcards

1
Q

When was the 13th Amendment signed?

A

Feb 1865

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the 13th Amendment state?

A

‘Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude… shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the problem with BA at the end of the civil war?

A

They did not immediately gain the same rights as their former white owners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The war left it unresolved what the position of BA would be, what were the options?

A
  1. All former slaves should leave the US, Lincoln said this was impractical.
  2. Giving BA same rights as WA - caused problems in the South (BA seen as their property). Even in the North, some saw equality as undesirable.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were former slaves caught between after the end of the Civil War?

A

Being legally free but yet not being seen as equal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was a problem of being free after the end of the Civil War for BA?

A

It was not clear what they were free to do and they had no means of making a living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the American Civil War?

A

1861-65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who won the Civil War? What did this mean?

A

The North (The Union). The South (The Confederacy) had to rejoin the Union.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the practical solution to the fact BA had no means of making a living?

A

Sharecropping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was sharecropping?

A

White landowners allowed former slaves to work their land in return for a considerable share of what was produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Problem with sharecropping?

A

It was not very different from slavery - they now had freedom to move, personal liberty and not being separated from family but they still faced considerable limitations to their liberty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did BA suffer violence for?

A

Supposed lack of respect to whites and any attempts to use their rights given to them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happened to segregation post war?

A

Increased markedly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happened as fear of BA increased?

A

Violence and segregation increased too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What characterised the post war period? Why?

A

Uncertainty.
1. US govt unsure what to do with millions of freed slaves and Southern ‘rebels’ they had defeated.
2. White population unsure of how far to go with equality measures.
3. BA unsure of role and status and how far to press for equality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Many laws were passed in the reconstruction era due to the South not being part of the Union again yet. What is the only other period that is more progressive than this?

A

1960s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who became president after the assassination of Lincoln?

A

His vice president, Andrew Johnson.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happened once the South had sworn an oath of loyalty to the Union?

A

Could elect state assemblies which would ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was Johnson’s issue?

A

The Union, not the rights of BA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did Andrew Johnson feel towards BA civil rights?

A

He did not support the abolition of slavery but was in favour of the union.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happened due to Andrew Johnson being uninterested in advancing BA civil rights?

A

Southern state assemblies had the confidence to pass highly discriminatory Black Codes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did the Black Codes do?

A
  1. Restricted right of BA to compete against WA for work.
  2. Gave states the right to punish vagrants and unemployed former slaves.
  3. Gave states the right to return vagrants and unemployed former slaves to forced labour.
  4. Those who attacked BA went unpunished, with some state officials participating in attacks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Even if state governments and the president did not want to take action, who could?

A

Congress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who in congress were advocates for change? (1865)

A

Radical Republicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What federal institution was set up in March 1865 to help emacipated slaves?

A

The Freedmen’s Bureau.

26
Q

When was the Freedmen’s Bureau set up?

A

March 1865.

27
Q

What happened to BA rights after 1877?

A

Southern states were allowed to deprive them of their rights and nothing was done about this until the 1950s.

28
Q

What did the Fourteenth Amendment do when ratified?

A

Declared that no state could deny any person full rights as an American citizen. They all had equal protection under the law to their rights.

29
Q

When was the Fourteenth Amendment ratified?

A

Passed in June 1866 but was not ratified until 2 years later in July 1868.

30
Q

What did the Fifteenth Amendment do when ratified?

A

Granted all citizens the right to vote, regardless of race.

31
Q

When was the 15th Amendment ratified?

A

February 1871.

32
Q

When was the first time that the Fifteenth Amendment’s guarantee was put into force?

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1965.

33
Q

When was the first time that the Fifteenth Amendment’s guarantee was put into force?

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1965.

34
Q

Congressional measures of 1866 and 1867 were passed in opposition of Andrew Johnson. What did this lead to?

A

A bitter dispute that led to Andrew Johnson being impeached by Congress.

35
Q

Who replaced Andrew Johnson as president?

A

Ulysses S. Grant.

36
Q

What was special about Ulysses S. Grant?

A

He worked closely with congress and used federal troop to support legislation.

37
Q

What did the unity between president and congress lead to?

A

Remarkable changes in the period of 1868-75.

38
Q

When was Ulysses S. Grant president?

A

1869-77

39
Q

What was passed in April 1866?

A

Civil Rights Act.

40
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 state?

A

All persons born in the US were citizens regardless of race or previous condition of slavery/ involuntary solitude.

41
Q

What did Johnson do to the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A

He vetoed the legislation but congress overturned his veto and it became a law.

42
Q

When was the First Reconstruction Act passed?

A

March 1867.

43
Q

What did the First Reconstruction Act state?

A

11 Confederate states were split into 5 military districts and this outlined their readmission to the union. In order to be readmitted, they had to have a draft for a new constitution approved by Congress. It had to ratify the 14th Amendment and give suffrage to BA men. BA men could also become elected delegates for their state.

44
Q

What did Andrew Johnson do to the First Reconstruction Act (March 1867)?

A

Again, he tried to veto it but congress overruled him and passed it anyway.

45
Q

What did the 14th Amendment state?

A

No person could be denied their full rights as an American citizen and they had full protection under the law.

46
Q

What did the 15th Amendment state?

A

Right to vote should not be denied on account of race or previous condition of servitude.

47
Q

When was the First Enforcement Act passed?

A

May 1870.

48
Q

When was the Second Enforcement Act passed?

A

Feb 1871.

49
Q

When was the Third Enforcement Act passed?

A

April 1871.

50
Q

What did the Second Enforcement Act state?

A

…

51
Q

What did the Third Enforcement Act state?

A

…

52
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 state?

A

Guaranteed all citizens, regardless of color, access to accommodations, theatres, public schools, churches, and cemeteries.

53
Q

What happened to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

A

The Supreme Court overruled it and said it was unconstitutional.

54
Q

Evidence of opposition to BA rights as citizens after the war?

A

May 1866 in Memphis - 46 BA killed in race riots. Another 35 in New Orleans.

55
Q

What was an effect of congressional reconstruction?

A

A remarkable number of BA sat in assemblies and took part in public life.

56
Q

What was significant about the voter registration and political participation in this period? (1870s).

A

The level was high - this level would not be seen again until the 1970s.

57
Q

Example of BA men getting more involved in politics?

A

1867-87, South Carolina had 8 black congressmen.

58
Q

Why did the role of federal institutions decline in promoting BA civil rights after 1877?

A
  1. Congress did not defend changes they had made
  2. Presidents did not fully support civil rights.
  3. SC and state governments worked in opposite directions.
59
Q

What was the Hayes- Tilden compromise?

A

The Compromise itself secured Hayes’s position and the subsequent withdrawal of the last federal troops from the Southern United States effectively ended the Reconstruction Era.

60
Q

What happened due to the Hayes- Tilden compromise?

A

States could return to position they were in in 1865, at the time of the Black Codes. This led to the reversal of any progress in civil rights.

Civil Rights USA 1865-1992 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions