Black Intellectuals Flashcards
(18 cards)
Phillis Wheatley
Antebellum Period 1753-1784 (closer to Revolutionary War) Taken as a slave from Africa -Glad to be Christian -"Black is a diabolical die" -First hand experience-taken at 7 years old -Appeal to religion -Need for education/ arguing against ignorance
Freedom’s Journal
Antebellum Period 1827 (closer to Revolutionary War) Rev. Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm Free Insights into the black abolitionists in the antebellum period "make a concentrated effort for the education of our youth" self-improvement ethic opposition to colonization...this changed racial affiliation need for education appeal to respectability appeal to religion
Ben Banneker
Antebellum
1731-1806 (Around American Revolutionary War)
Son of freed parents
Revolutionary Rhetoric
Appeal to Christianity-Christian brothers
Africans are not intellectually inferior to whites and should be allowed the same freedoms that Jefferson claims to defend.
Richard Allen
Antebellum Period
Late 1700s-Early 1800s (American Revolutionary War)
Born a Slave
Allen and Jones write to disprove the the work of Carey who stained the reputation of blacks during the illness occurring in Philadelphia .
Attack of the intellectual thought of Carey
Protest strategies of moral uplift
First-hand experience
Use of Irony
Appeal to respectability (in contrast to the whites)
Appeal to religion-Exodus “God was first pleader of the poor”
Prince Hall
Antebellum Period 1797 (American Revolutionary War) former slave who gained his freedom Appeal to distinction as Mason-demonstrate values of strength and patience Obey the law Deprived of rights but not humanity Fear not Man but God
James Forten
Antebellum Period
1813 (Revolutionary War)
Born free
Wrote against a piece of Penn. legislature that would force black emigrants to register with local officials upon entering Penn
Use of Patriotism (Declaration of Independence, 4th of july)
Appeal to Natural Law-God’s law =all men are equal
David Walker
Born 1796 (Revolutionary War)
Education is important so that slaves can understand how oppressed they are and fight against it.
Afrocentric view of intellectual history
Affirmation of violence
Vision of God-one who stands with the oppressed only
Use of history, Christianity and the declaration of independence
Created state of enemies
Nat Turner
Antebellum Period
1800 Civil War
Slave
Gray was trying to demonstrate the intent of Turner’s actions (murder of master families)
Appeal to religion-2nd awakening-personal understanding of scripture
Upend the society-Imagery and Christian theology
1st hand experience
Maria Stewart
Antebellum Period
1835 Civil War
Free
first woman to speak to mixed audience
Spoke of the men making moves to better Black society, instead of dances spend money on education. Call to action to the men, to stand up and be men
Appeal to Religion-Paul not feeling the sting death
Appeal to Africanism-came from enlightened nation, act like it
Appeals to past writers-David Walker and Nat Turner
writings and speeches
Invokes American identity
Henry Garnet
Antebellum Period
Antebellum
1843 Civil War
Demand freedom from Masters, and take it if they say no
Appeal to unity and conviction so as not to feed stereotype of disunity
Based on Experience-slave when a child
Obligation to God-sinning by being a slave
Appeal to role models-fighters, rebels and revoloutionaries
defended black emigration schemes
Appeal to Manhood- have the ability protect the women
Frederick Douglass
Antebellum Civil War escaped slave Desire to prove they are American citizens tone is different than garnet Men as males not human Use of white authority leaders
Sojourner Truth
Antebellum
1797-1883 Civil War
Slave
Firsthand experience-13 children sold into slavery
Appeal to Womanhood-rights for women that men took
Appeal to Religion-Queen Esther
Robert Purvis
Antebellum
1837-Civil War
Free
Disenfranchisement of blacks in voting by adding white as a qualification
Appeal to State citizenship-right to vote
How can it be taken away?
Use of Natural Law-scheme of expatriation, Constitution
Mary Ann Shadd
Antebellum 1823-1893-Civil War Free Emigration to Canada West Appeal to respectablity- ideals of independence, willing to work need not suffer
Martin Delany
Antebellum
1820-1876 Civil War
Free
Black nationalist
Leave if must, but stay and fight for what you worked for
appeal to law-use of citizenship
Appeal to universal brotherhood
“whites will only repsect those who oppose their usurpation
Appeal to Future-unhindered freedom for children
Henry McNeal Turner
Antebellum Free, Black Nationalist 1834-1915 Civil War Colonization was the right thing to do. "there is no manhood future in the US for the Negro" Appeal to Religion Appeal for Respectablitity Curse upon curse
Sharon Jacobs
Antebellum Slave Appeal to Womanhood and Respectability-established sisterhood with audience Appeal to Christianity Appeal to Experience
Solomon Northrup
Antebellum
Captured Freeman
Slavery is a system
Appeal to manhood
Description of Oppression
