Bladder cancer Flashcards Preview

Urology > Bladder cancer > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bladder cancer Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the peak age of bladder cancer?

A

over 80years

2
Q

What gender is bladder cancer more prevalent?

A

men 3:1

3
Q

What are the different types of bladder cancer/

A

TCC (80-90%) SSC, AC and sarcoma

4
Q

How can bladder cancers be classified into 3?

A

non muscle invasive bladder cancer (70-80%) and muscle invasive bladder cancer and metastatic

5
Q

What are the 4 layers of the bladder wall?

A

Inner- transitional epithelium, lamina propria, muscular propria, fatty connective tissue

6
Q

What are the 2 biggest risk factor for bladder cancer?

A

smoking and increasing age

7
Q

What are the other risk factors for bladder cancer?

A

aerobatic hydrocarbons, schistosomaisis infection and previous radiation to the pelvis

8
Q

What are the bladder cancer clinical features?

A

Painless haematuria, recurrent UTIs, LUTS like frequency, urgency or incomplete voiding, pelvic pain, weight loss, lethargy

9
Q

What may be found on examination of bladder cancer?

A

nothing unless there is ureteric obstruction

10
Q

What are the stages of bladder cancer?

A

look on teach me surgery hahaha

11
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of bladder cancer?

A

urinary tract infections, renal calculi or prostate or renal cancer

12
Q

What investigations would you do for bladder cancer?

A

urgent flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthetic, then a rigid cystoscopy for more definitive assessment

13
Q

If a bladder tumour is found with rigid cystoscopy what is done?

A

A biopsy and then maybe a transurethral resection of bladder tumour

14
Q

What imaging is needed if muscle-invasive bladder cancer is suspected?

A

CT staging

15
Q

Why is urine cytology not routinely done but can be done?

A

identifies cancerous cells in urine but has poor sensitivity and specificity

16
Q

What is the management of non-invasive bladder cancer?

A

depends on the classification but may be resected via TURBT, may need adjuvant intravesical therapy, radical cystectomy

17
Q

What is the problem with superficial bladder tumours?

A

high rate of recurrence- 70% in 3 years and they are more likely to be invasive

18
Q

What is TRUBT?

A

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour- diathermy and rigid cystoscopy

19
Q

How is muscle invasive bladder cancer treated?

A

radical cystectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with follow up CT regularly

20
Q

How is urinary diversion done?

A

Ileal conduit with urine draining via the urostomy, bladder reconstruction from a segment of small bowel and urine drains urethral or a catheter

21
Q

Why do you need to take B12 and folate levels after an ileal conduit?

A

due to resection of part of the ileum

22
Q

How is metastatic bladder cancer treated?

A

chemotherapy

23
Q

What is the prognosis for bladder cancer?

A

more likely upper urinary tract tumours and urethral tumours, high survival rate if superficial of 80-90% in 5 years, less if more spread