Bladder, Ureters + Urethra Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is meant by the trigone?
Triangular area of the bladder bounded by the ureteric orifices and internal urethral meatus - it does not contract with the detrusor muscle
What is the anterior relation of the bladder?
The pubic symphysis
Separated by the retropubic space aka space of Retzius)
What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the bladder?
Internal iliac arteries - superior and inferior vesical arteries
Venous plexus draining in to the internal iliac veins
What is the epithelium of the bladder mucosa?
Transitional epithelium
What is the course of the ureters?
Pass anteriorly to the medial edge of psoas major
Run adjacent to the tips of the spinous processes of L2-L5 vertebrae
Cross over the sacroiliac joints in to the pelvis at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
Pass in front of the internal iliac artery
Pass under the uterine artery
What are the three sites of anatomical constriction of the ureters?
Pelvi-ureteric junction
Pelvic brim
Ureteric orifice
What the relation of the uterine artery to the ureters?
The ureters pass under the uterine artery
Also known as water under the bridge
What is the length of the female urethra?
Around 3cm
What is the length of the male urethra?
Around 25cm
What are the portions of the male urethra?
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy penile
What is the structure of the internal urethral sphincter?
Located at the junction of the bladder and urethra
Smooth muscle - under autonomic control
In women it is not anatomically distinct
What is the structure of the external urethral sphincter?
In women located at the junction of the bladder and urethra
In men, located after the prostate
Skeletal muscle - under voluntary control
What is the innervation to the internal urethral sphincter?
Inferior hypogastric plexus (autonomic fibres)
What is the innervation to the external urethral sphincter?
Voluntary control Perineal nerve (branch of the pudendal nerve)
What are the three layers of the urethra?
Muscular - continuous with that of the bladder
Erectile
Mucous
What is the epithelial lining of the urethra?
Proximal half - transitional epithelium
Distal half - non-keratinised stratified squamous
Which surfaces of the bladder are covered by peritoneum?
Posterior surface
Which kidney is located lower in the abdomen?
Right kidney
What is the relation of the ureters to the internal iliac artery?
Run in front of internal iliac artery
What is the arterial supply to the ureters?
Abdominal ureter: renal and ovarian arteries
Pelvic ureter: superior and inferior vesical arteries
If rupture of the urethra occurs, where does urine collect?
Mons pubis and anterior abdominal wall
What is the sympathetic innervation to the bladder?
T10-L2
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?
S2-S4
