Block 1 Flashcards by Pauline Kate Villalobos

Provides personal preventive care and health
promotion

Health Care Provider

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Patient as integral part of the family and
community

Health Care Provider

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Provides high standard clinical care
→ Including diagnosing and managing illness and disability

Health Care Provider

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Personalized preventive care with a long-term
trusting relationship.

Health Care Provider

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Use evidence-based medicine
→ Critically appraised journal, etc

Researcher

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Select appropriate medicine, test, and procedures for the patient and his family

Researcher

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Applies the ethical and cost-effective management.

Researcher

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Initiates action on behalf of the community.
• Empowers and motivates patient family and
even the community to be partners in health care

Social Mobilizer

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Networking and referral
→ Refers to other specialist, agencies, or
institution.
→ Coordinating function in the clinic, hospital, and community.

Manager

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Educates patients and their family members about their illness, the management, procedures, and prognosis.

Educator and Counselor

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→ Collect and materials
maintain resource on epidemiology, surveillance, management and monitoring and evaluation in public
health.

Applied Epidemiology Health Management Division

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Develop, capture, filter, verify, assess, respond, disseminate and evaluate event-based surveillance systems

Applied Epidemiology Health Management Division

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Develop and maintain field epidemiology training programs for public health workers

Applied Epidemiology Health Management Division

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Investigate and respond to epidemics and other urgent public health threats as the need arises

Applied Epidemiology Health Management Division

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Undertake notifiable disease surveillance through Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response.

Public Health Surveillance Division

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Provide statistical services to priority health
programs of the DOH

Survey, Monitoring & Evaluation Division

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Monitoring non-behavioral risk factors priority
non-communicable diseases through globally
standardized survey

Survey, Monitoring & Evaluation Division

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Monitor HIV and AIDS Registry and Integrated
HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance, size
estimates and Most At-Risk Population

Survey, Monitoring & Evaluation Division

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Provide program health indicators information

Survey, Monitoring & Evaluation Division

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Eruptions/lesions manifested outside the body (on skin) signifies manifestation of certain diseases

Exanthem

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skin Eruptions/lesions/rash found inside the
body (most commonly in the mouth) involves mucous membranes or epithelial cells also manifestations of certain diseases

Enanthem

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also known as Rubeola caused by Rubeola virus acute, highly infectious viral infection

Measles

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characterized by a maculopapular rash
erupting successively over the neck and face, trunk, arms, legs and associated with high fever

MEasles

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How many times can you contact measles?

One

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Is measles an Rna or Dna virus?

RNA virus

Endemic, Worldwide  No animal reservoir  Infections confer lifelong immunity  Peak incidence: 5-10 years old, rare among less than 6 months old (due to the presence of maternal antibodies in their system which provides protection.)

Measles

Is measles transmittable through nasopharynx blood and urine?

True

Lesions in Skin, conjunctivae, mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, bronchi, intestinal tract

Measles

The following conditions exacerbate during measles infection, EXCEPT: a. vitamin A deficiency b. diarrhea c. TB d. malnutrition

b. Diarrhea

What are 3 c’s of measles

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

How many days is the incubation of measles?

10-12 days. Transmitted 9-10 days after exposure

cluster of tiny bluish-white spots on red background, Found in buccal mucosa, appears on 2nd day of fever and usually disappears 12-18 hours rapidly

Koplik’s spots (Enanthem skin lesion)

Severe headache, abdominal pain, no koplik’s spots

Atypical Measles

Which of the following is the most common complication of Measles? a. Encephalitis b. Otitis Media c. Pneumonia d. Diarrhea

B. Otitis media

Most common death in measles

Viral pneumonia

Measles vaccine given at the health centers during 6-9 months of age is given as? a. A combination vaccine as MMR- 12 to 15 months b. Together with Rubella as MR- at 12 months c. Monovalent Measles vaccine d. any

C. Monovalent

When is mmr given?

12-15 months

When is mmr contraindicated? (3)

Pregnant Immunodeficient Hiv

German or three-day measles (patients get better after 3 days)

Rubella

Acute viral infection characterized by rashes, cervical lymphadenopathy

Rubella

Lymphadenopathy: retroauricular, posterior cervical, postoccipital

Rubella

pink macules and papules – face then spreads to the neck, trunk, extremities in pinpoint in appearance → disappears on the 3rd day

Rubella exanthem

20% of patients, discrete rose-colored spots on the soft palate (Forchheimer spots) Inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa and conjunctiva, (-) photophobia

Rubella (enanthem)

When to we give rubella vax?

12 months old or 6 months after measles

Is rubella rna or dna virus?

Rna

Neurotropic Virus DNA-containing virus

Varicella zoster/chicken pox

-Primary infection is caused by? -Reactivation of latent infection is caused by?

Varicella zoster Herpes zoster

16. The following statement(s) is/are true regarding varicella, EXCEPT: a. None b. Establishes latency in the sensory ganglia and when reactivated can manifest as herpes zoster c. It is transmitted via respiratory transmission and direct contact, 24-48 hours after the appearance of the rash until the vesicles crust d. Rash in varicella begins as erythematous macules that evolve into papules and vesicles occurring in successive crops

None

rashes don’t appear right away; rashes progress day by day with new lesions appearing again)

Varicella

Is a systemic infection caused by Coxsackievirus A16/Enteroviruses  Characterized by ulcerative oral lesions and a vesicular exanthem on the distal extremities.  Very common in children

Hand foot and mouth disease

Skin Lesions o Lesions begin as macule or papule that quickly develop into vesicles. o Lesions may be found on buccal mucosa, posterior pharynx, palate, lips, hands to feet o Ulcerate then becomes shallow lesions (4- 8mm) except in palms and soles o Lesions clear by absorption of fluid in about1 week (-) scarring

Hand foot and mouth disease

Characterized by sudden appearance of rash (pink/red = rose)

Roseola infantum

. A 7-month old infant presents with high-grade fever lasting for 3 days, sore throat and rhinorrhea. He was observed to behave normally in spite of high temperatures. On the 4th day of illness, fever ceases, and a measles- like rash appears. The most likely diagnosis is: a. Measles b. Scarlet fever c. Rubella d. Roseola infantum

D. Roseola infantum

Superficial infection of the epidermis caused by S. aureus and Group A streptococcus (GAS)

Impetigo

Impetigo that extends into the dermis is called

Ecthyma

A 6-year old child came for OPD check-up due to ulcers in both the lower legs. The ulceration had adherent crusts, associated with induration and tenderness. Which of the following conditions best describe the child's illness?

Ecthyma

Transient superficial small vesicles, or pustules that later on develop into crusts o scattered, discrete and confluent.

On bullous impetigo

Vesicles and bullae containing clear yellow or turbid fluid with surrounding erythema o If it ruptures → lesions compress o Common in interginous sites

Bullous impetigo

Ulceration with thick adherent crust o Tenderness, induration o Common in distal extremities

Ecthyma

Gram-positive cocci, in chains and clusters  Culture: S. aureus, GAS

Impetigo

DS DNA-containing envelop virus  (+) Protein core surrounded by lipid envelop with glycoprotein

Herpes virus

skin and mucous membranes above the waist Acquired early in childhood low-socioeconomic group Hsv 1 or 2?

Hsv 1

Genitalia and neonate o onset of puberty, peaks in the early years of sexual activity Hsv 1 or 2?

Hsv 2

Infection in HSV-seronegative person

Primary infection

Infection in a person with immunity to one type of HSV, but infection by a second type  Less severe than primary infection

First infection, non primary

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis is commonly caused by: a. both HSV-1 and 2 b. MRSA c. HSV-1 - skin and mucous membrane above the waist d. HSV-2 genitalia and neonate

C. Hsv 1

Cold sore, fever blister o Prodrome of pain, itching, tingling sensation → papule → grouped vesicles → ulcer → heals in 10 days o Reactivated by stress, menses, trauma, exposure to ultraviolet light, cold

Herpes labialis

Ectoparasite infestation (mite)

Scabies

Interdigital spaces, flexor surfaces of the wrists and forearms, elbows, axilla, back, inguinal region, genitalia

Scabies

(+) intense itching aggravated by perspiration → scratching → secondary bacterial infection → popular, vesicular, pustular lesions (appear in tracks) The more it is scratched, the more it itches

Scabies

Which of the following statements DO NOT describe Norwegian Scabies? a. Absence of pruritus b. Presence of extensive, hyperkeratotic, scaling lesions c. Suppression of humoral immunity - d. Heavy infestation with scabies

C. Dapat t cellular immunity. Not humoral

Which of the following are control measures to prevent the spread of Scabies? a. Sterilization of garments and beddings b. Treatment of family members c. Treatment of infected individuals and Sterilization of garments and beddings d. Treatment of infected individuals

C. Control measures for scabies includes treatment of infected individuals - not only patients but also other family members, sterilization of garments and beddings, and personal hygiene.

Orginary measles with koplik spots

Rubeola

German measles with 3 c’s and forcheimer spotson soft palates

Rubella

Rubella vax first and second dose given?

1st dose given at age 1-15 months ● 2nd dose given at age 2-5 y.o.

Caused by coxsackievirus and enterovirus - Droplet transmission

Hand foot mouth disease

Not highly communicable ● No vaccines available ● IVIg as post exposure prophylaxis – no data available ● Personal hygiene (e.g. handwashing) – recommended for prevention

Parvovirus B19 infection

Produced by Clostridium tetani, which can enter the skin through injury, abrasions, or wounds

Tetanospasmin

Defined as a dramatic posture due to spastic contraction of the extensor muscles of the neck, trunk, and lower extremities that produces severe backward arching from neck to heel

Opisthotonus

Restriction of the range of motion of the jaws - Commonly referred to as “lockjaw”

Trismus

Fixed sarcastic grimace and anxious expression caused by spasms of the masseter and other facial muscles

Risus Sardonicus

Active immunization (Tetanus toxoid) should bw goven when?

Total of 3 doses, spaced every 2 weeks

Block 1 Flashcards

(82 cards)