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Anatomy Year 1 > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body into left and right portions

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2
Q

Describe the transverse / axial plane

A

Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

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3
Q

Describe the coronal plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

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4
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

Front

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5
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

Back

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6
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Upwards / up

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7
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Downwards / down

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8
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Towards midline

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9
Q

What does cranial mean?

A

Towards cranium

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10
Q

What does caudal mean?

A

Towards feet

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11
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Away from midline

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12
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

Near the outer surface

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13
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Furthest away from outer surface

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14
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Closest to mass of body

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15
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Furthest from the mass of body

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16
Q

What does palmar mean?

A

Palm of hand

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17
Q

What does plantar mean?

A

Sole of foot

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18
Q

What does rostral mean?

A

Closest to oral / nasal region

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19
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Upper side / back

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20
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

Under side of something

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21
Q

The region between the thorax and pelvis is?

A

Abdomen

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22
Q

The upper extremity between the shoulder and elbow

A

Arm

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23
Q

The lower extremity between the knee and ankle

A

Leg

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24
Q

The armpit is also known…?

A

Axilla

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25
Q

The region between the head and trunk is…?

A

Neck

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26
Q

Describe the supine position

A

A person lying on their back

27
Q

Describe the prone position

A

A person lying on their front

28
Q

What is the thigh bone called?

A

Femur

29
Q

What is the name given to the medial one of the two bones in the leg

A

Tibia

30
Q

What is the name given to the lateral one of the two bones in the leg

A

Fibula

31
Q

What is the name given to the medial one of the two bones in the arm

A

Ulnar

32
Q

What is the name given to the lateral one of the two bones in the arm

A

Radius

33
Q

What is the arm bone called?

A

Humerus

34
Q

What is the pelvis comprised of?

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
2 Hip Bones (Each comprised of the Ilium, Ischium and Pubis)

35
Q

What is the shoulder blade also known as?

A

Scapula

36
Q

What is the lower jaw and upper jaw called?

A

Mandible - Lower

Maxilla - Upper

37
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A bony lump that is large, rounded and rough

38
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

A small rounded projection / protuberance

39
Q

What is the name given to the large rounded projection found exclusively on the proximal end of the femur?

A

Trochanter

40
Q

What is a spine?

A

A sharp / pointed body projection

41
Q

What is a crest?

A

Most superior projection on a bone

42
Q

What is a fissure? Why do fissures exist?

A

A long cleft along a bone, usually for blood vessel passage

43
Q

What is a foramen? Why do foramens exist?

A

A hole in a bone, for passage of blood vessels or nerves

44
Q

What is a meatus?

A

A passage

45
Q

What is a notch?

A

An indentation / incision on a bone

46
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A groove / furrow on bone

47
Q

What is a suture?

A

A seam like immovable junction between two bones

48
Q

Describe what a red blood cell looks like in a blood film

A

Most numerous type of blood cell, appear light pink and donut shaped with a pale centre. No nucleus

49
Q

Describe what a platelet looks like in a blood film

A

Smaller size that red blood cells. Fragmented

50
Q

Describe what a neutrophil looks like in a blood film

A

Larger than red blood cells. Faint pink granular cytoplasm. Multi-lobed single nucleus, with 2-5 lobes

51
Q

Describe what a lymphocyte looks like in a blood film

A

Smaller than red blood cells. Small, dark spherical nucleus with little cytoplasm

52
Q

Describe what a monocyte looks like in a blood film

A

Kidney shaped off placed nucleus, with lots of cytoplasm. Biggest of white blood cells

53
Q

Describe what a basophil looks like in a blood film

A

Bi-lobed nucleus. Deep blue granules

54
Q

Describe what eosinophils looks like in a blood film

A

3 times larger than red blood cells. Granular. Bi-lobed nucleus

55
Q

Where would simple squamous epithelium be typically found?

A

Typically found lining blood vessels and body cavities

56
Q

Where would simple cuboidal epithelium be typically found?

A

Typically found lining small ducts and tubules

57
Q

Where would simple columnar epithelium be typically found?

A

Stomach, intestine, uterine cervix

58
Q

Where would pseudostratified columnar epithelium be typically found?

A

Lines most major airways

59
Q

Where would stratified squamous keratinising epithelium be typically found?

A

Skin and oral epithelia

60
Q

Where would stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium be typically found?

A

Lining the oesophagus

61
Q

Where would transitional epithelium be typically found?

A

All of the urinary tract

62
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue

63
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

Anatomy Year 1 (2 decks)

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