Block 1

Question 1

Karposi Sarcoma

Cell type and tissue effected

Answer 1

Spindle cell tumour

Found in mucus membranes

Question 2

What level is the Transthoracic plane?

Answer 2

T4/5

Question 3

Angle of louis is found where and marks what within mediatinum

Answer 3

T4/5
Superior and inferior
Also level of corina, aoritc arch, thoracic duct moves from R –> L and loops of the laryngeal nerve

Question 4

Iron deficient anaemia biochemical markings

Answer 4

Low MCV, low ferritin, high Transferrin

Question 5

Anaemia of chronic disease biochem markings

Answer 5

Normal MCV, high ferritin, low Transferrin

Question 6

How does ketoconazole work?

Answer 6

Stops lanosterol being made in to ergosterol (component for wall membranes)

Blocks cytochrome p450 enzyme 14Ademethylase

Question 7

Griseofulvin - how does it work?

Answer 7

Targets microtubulus and prevents mitosis

Question 8

Amphotericin B and Nystatin act how

Answer 8

impair cell membrane by making a complex with ergosterol (found in the walls)

Question 9

Flucytosine - acts how

Answer 9

inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis

Question 10

Saliva, a mostly serous fluid, is made where

Answer 10

Submandibular glands

Question 11

What does Hartmanns contain?

Answer 11

Sodium 131, Potassium 5, Cl 112, Calcium 2 and lactate 28. (not glucose)

Question 12

Calots triangle

What is it and where is it found?

Answer 12

Cystohepatic triangle made up of cystic duct, common hepatic duct, liver

Contains
R hepatic artery, cystic artery, cystic lymph tissue, lymph tissue

Question 13

What is Hartmanns pouch?

Answer 13

Found between gallbladder neck and cystic duct

Question 14

In thoracic outlet syndrome - compression is found where?

Pain is found where?

Answer 14

C8 and T1

Ulner aspect pain

Question 15

What does cubital tunnel syndrome compress and where does the compression happen?

Answer 15

Median nerve at the medial epicondyle

Question 16

Erbs palsy - which nerve roots affected

Answer 16

C5/6

Question 17

Klumpkes - damage is where on the brachial plexus

Answer 17

Lower. paralysis of hand muscles from damage to C8 and T1

Question 18

Complication of progesterone only oral contraceptives - can develop a polyp

Answer 18

Endocervical polyp - micrograndular hyperplasia.

Question 19

Commonest thyroid cancer

Answer 19

Papillary carcinoma - commonest at 80%, Females 35- 40, strong link to childhood radiation,

Mets to cervica lymph nodes

Question 20

Opioids act on which receptors in CNS and the Gut

Answer 20

U

Question 21

In the carotid wave - Tricuspid stenosis gives what shape

Answer 21

Slow y descent

Question 22

Scale of splenic injury (1 - 3 and shattered)

Answer 22

<1cm
1-3cm
>3cm
Shattered

Also note other parameters exist

Question 23

What is the blood supply to the breasts

Answer 23

Lateral thoracic artery and internal mammary artery

Question 24

what are the mammogram views

Answer 24

Craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique

Question 25

Foregut - anatomy markings

Answer 25

Mouth to inferior of major duodenal papillae

Question 26

What is Eisenmongers syndrome?

Answer 26

Long standing L --> R shunt, VSD and ASD

Question 27

Midline neck swelling - what could it be?

Answer 27

``` Thyroglossal Cysts / neoplasms Pharyngeal pouches plunging ranulae subhyoid bursae laryngoceles thyroid isthmus ```

Question 28

Facial nerve - buccal | Can be damaged in which surgeries?

Answer 28

Parotid, middle ear and temporal bone surgeries

Question 29

What is glue ear

Answer 29

Otitis Media with effusion | assocaited with large adenoids

Question 30

Which IBD disease is associated with Glasstones and kidney stones

Answer 30

Crohns Crohns ROCKS

Question 31

IBD - describe the microscopic differences

Answer 31

UC - mucosal and submucosal inflammation Crohns - deeper with transmural

Question 32

List some of the extraintestinal findings in UC

Answer 32

UC - PSC, arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, uveitis, episcleritis

Question 33

What happens to heart r, resp rateate and blood pressure in raised intracranial pressure?

Answer 33

Cushings | hypertensive, bradycardic and reduced rr

Question 34

What is Empty-sella syndrome

Answer 34

Pituitary normally sits in the sella turica - syndrome if its not seen on imaging

Question 35

Myocardial blood flow is increased or decreased by pain and vasopressin

Answer 35

REDUCED

Question 36

Anatomy of the lesser sac - what are the anterior relations

Answer 36

Visceral periotneum, gastrocolic omentum and lesser omentum

Question 37

Obturator hernia - develops pain where

Answer 37

medial thigh due to comperession on the nerve - common if patients lose weight quickly

Question 38

Briefly describe arterial ulcers

Answer 38

Deep punched painful pressure areas

Question 39

what does Cryopercipitate contain

Answer 39

Fibrinogen, factor VIII and VWF

Question 40

Melanossis Coli - what picture does this give in bowel

Answer 40

brown discolouration on the wall of the sigmoid in a moire pattern

Question 41

ACL tea more common in men or women

Answer 41

Women due to the angle of the legs