Block 1

Question 1

Cognitive Theory

Answer 1

Behavior influenced by the way one thinks, how does the person interpret the information. Thoughts effect emotion. Ex. Fruit for sale: grateful or annoying

Question 2

Overgeneralization

Answer 2

a woman thinks all men are untrustworthy after one man cheats

Question 3

Excessive Responsiblity

Answer 3

Blaming oneself for another person’s shortcomings

Question 4

Arbitrary inference

Answer 4

concluding that a spouse is unfaithful because the are arriving home late

Question 5

Catastrophizing

Answer 5

view a situation as considerable worse than it is, EXCESSIVE

Question 6

Selective Abstraction

Answer 6

Dwelling on the one mistake you made during you presentation and ignoring the good parts (win game, but focus on missed free throw)

Question 7

Dichotomous Thinking

Answer 7

Two extreme categories

Question 8

Behavioral Theory

Answer 8

Behaviors result from an interaction with the environment, which causes learning

• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Vicarious conditioning

Therapy: drug addiction, eating disorders

Question 9

Classical conditioning

Answer 9

Unconditioned Stimulus: Food
Unconditioned Response: Salivation
Neutral Stimulus: Bell
Neutral Cue: Bell paired with Food
Conditioned Stimulus: Bell
Conditioned Response: Salivation

Question 10

Operant Condtioning

Answer 10

Consequence of an action either strengthens (reinforced) or weakens (punished) the behavior.

• Positive: added
• Negative: Taken away

Question 11

Fixed Interval

Answer 11

RF/P given after a fixed period of time (last day of the month)

Question 12

Variable Interval

Answer 12

RF/P given after unpredictable period of time (random)

Question 13

Continuous ratio

Answer 13

every response

Question 14

Fixed ratio

Answer 14

after every X # of responses

Question 15

Variable ratio

Answer 15

after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 16

Vicarious Conditioning
(Modeling/ Social learning)

Answer 16

learning behavior through observation

Question 17

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 17

Unconscious influences behavior, significant past relationship playa role in person’s present functioning

• Id
• Ego
• Superego

Question 18

Defense Mechanism: Denial

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 18

Refusing to believe a clear fact

Question 19

Defense Mechanism: Repression

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 19

Keeping one’s feelings/ thoughts out of conscious awareness

Question 20

Defense Mechanism: Displacement

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 20

Taking out the emotion on another source

Question 21

Defense Mechanism: Projection

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 21

An angry man denies being angry but accuses his wife of being angry

Question 22

Defense Mechanism: Identification

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 22

Patterning one’s behaviors after someone else

Question 23

Defense Mechanism: Regression

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 23

Reverting to a behavioral in an earlier stage in development

Question 24

Defense Mechanism: Splitting

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 24

Viewing the world in a polarizing fashion

Question 25

Defense Mechanism: Isolation of Affect | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 25

Leaving an emotionless narrative "I have cancer"

Question 26

Defense Mechanism: Intellectualization | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 26

Excessive use of intellect in the narrative

Question 27

Defense Mechanism: Rationalization | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 27

Making an excuse to make oneself look better, "I didn't want the job anyway"

Question 28

Defense Mechanism: Somatization | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 28

Exam stress transformed to headaches

Question 29

Defense Mechanism: Acting out | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 29

anger expressed by a tantrum rather than verbally

Question 30

Defense Mechanism: Passive Aggression | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 30

Expressing hostility through passivity (lack of action), being late

Question 31

Defense Mechanism: Reaction formation | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 31

Showing the opposite behavior as to how one really feels "obsessive sexual urges expressed as prudish behavior"

Question 32

Defense Mechanism: Dissociation | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 32

Going to your happy place to prevent full distressful impact of the event

Question 33

Defense Mechanism: Undoing | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 33

Flirting with a colleague and then later complimenting spouse, knock on wood

Question 34

Defense Mechanism: Altruism | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 34

A generous charitable donation assuages one's guilt about past unpaid debts (kidney donation)

Question 35

Defense Mechanism: Humor | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 35

Expressing distress by joking about the distressful thought

Question 36

Defense Mechanism: Sublimation | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 36

Anger release through exercise

Question 37

Defense Mechanism: Suppression | Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 37

Consciously putting an upsetting thought temporarily out of mind to retrieve at a more appropriate time

Question 38

Psychotherapy

Answer 38

"talk therapy"

Question 39

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 39

Therapy involves changing a pt's distorted thoughts to improve one's mental state, thoughts are not facts *Mild depression and anxiety, often combined with behavior (CBT)

Question 40

Behavioral Therapy: Systemic Desensitization

Answer 40

1. Relaxation training: diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation 2. Hierarchical list (lowest to highest fear) 3. Desensitization: Pt confronts each item on the list while USING relaxation techniques

Question 41

Behavioral Therapy: Exposure Therapy and flooding

Answer 41

NO RELAXATION training - Exposure Therapy: gradual exposure - Flooding: non-gradual, full intensity

Question 42

Behavioral Therapy: Token Economies

Answer 42

Reinforcing and punishing behaviors with tokens (tokens exchanged for rewards)

Question 43

Behavioral Therapy: Aversion Therapy

Answer 43

Pinching oneself when one have an urge to smoke

Question 44

Behavioral Therapy: Covert Sensitization

Answer 44

IMAGINING a breakup of a relationship because of drinking or smoking

Question 45

Behavioral Therapy: Biofeedback

Answer 45

learning to control an involuntary physiological activity

Question 46

Behavioral Therapy: Vicarious conditioning

Answer 46

boy sees a peer punished for swearing; now the boy doesn't swear

Question 47

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 47

The use of techniques to reveal the contents of unconscious - Hypnosis - Free Association tests (stating the first word that comes to mind when a word is spoken) - Interpreting Freudian slips (unintentional speech/writing) - Dream interpretation

Question 48

Transference

Answer 48

Pt's emotional reaction to the doctor

Question 49

Countertransference

Answer 49

Doctor's emotional reaction to pt

Question 50

Catharsis

Answer 50

to release strong, repressed emotions

Question 51

Humanistic Therapy

Answer 51

Maximize one's potential, therapist displays unconditional positive regard and empathy