Block 1 (Globalisation, Migration + A Shrinking World) Flashcards
(68 cards)
Define globalisation
The increased mobility of goods, service, labour, tech, capital, cultural and political systems across geographical boundaries
How has globalisation been able to be enhanced recently?
There are better international connections, due to advancements in technology
What are the four main strands of globalisation?
- Economic globalisation
- Political globalisation
- Social globalisation
- Cultural globalisation
What is economic globalisation?
- Growth of MNCs, accelerating cross-border exchange (trade) of raw materials, goods + investment
- Growth of ICT, accelerating global communication + data transfer, moving towards an international economy
What is political globalisation?
- Growth of trading blocs, reducing trade restrictions + growing global markets
- Growth of global organisations, improving political communication (e.g. The World Bank)
- Growth of international approaches to shared issues (e.g. oceans)
Define trading blocs
Political agreements between countries that trade together to make trade easier
What is social globalisation?
- Growth of cross-border family/friend networks, due to increased international migration
- Growth of social interconnectivity, due to new social media networks
What is cultural globalisation?
- Spreading of ‘successful’ Western cultural traits (‘Americanisation’) and other cultural ideas through migration + social networks
- Merging of multiple culture aspects, through glocalisation + hybridisation
Define glocalisation
Products + services are distributed globally, but adapted to fit local needs
Why does glocalisation occur?
- Economic reasons (to sell more products in different country)
- Political reasons (if the product/service wont fit the political system of another country in its regular form)
What is one negative of glocalisation?
Some argue it is evidence of MNCs being manipulative, pretending to appeal to the individual culture for their own economic benefit
Give an example of glocalisation for economic reasons
McDonalds
- Different meals + sides to fit locally
- Meal: ‘Chicken Maharaja Mac’ in India
- Side: Rice instead of fries in Bali
Give an example of glocalisation for political reasons
- ‘Sensitive’ material censored so it fits government regulations in China
Is globalisation new?
No
How has globalisation changed recently?
- LENGTHENED: Products + people move further than in past
- DEEPENED: More aspects of life interconnected globally than in past
- SPED UP: Movement of people/products/info much faster than in past
Why do some people claim that the rate of globalisation has recently started to slow down?
There have been more movements for nationalism and independence, rather than international interdependence
- E.g. UK - BREXIT and USA - Trump’s Wall
What has globalisation caused to form?
A large interconnected GLOBAL NETWORK
What are the four flows that exist around the global network?
- Flow of goods
- Flow of money
- Flow of people
- Flow of tech + ideas
What does the ‘flow of goods’ around the global network involve?
Increased demand for trade of raw materials and manufactured goods, driven by development of emerging economies and the global middle class
Define emerging economies + give an example
Countries experiencing high rates of economic growth
- E.g. China
Define the global middle class
People with discretionary income that they can spend on consumer goods
What does the ‘flow of money’ around the global network involve?
- Money transfer in stock exchanges ($5trill/day in 2013)
- MNCs spread money through FDI
What does the ‘flow of people’ around the global network involve?
- Moving people due to migration (3.5% of world are international migrants)
- Moving people due to tourism (Europe receives most. China generates most tourism expenditure)
What does the ‘flow of tech + ideas’ around the global network involve?
- Sharing of data + ideas on the faster internet speeds + more advanced social media and mobile phones
