Block 1 Lecture Questions

Question 1

what are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the brain called

Answer 1

nuclei

Question 2

what are the collections of axons in the PNS called

Answer 2

nerves

Question 3

what type of nerve transmits tickle sensations

Answer 3

somatic afferent

Question 4

what type of nerve signals the stomach to contract

Answer 4

visceral efferent

Question 5

Where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons located

Answer 5

lateral horn of spinal cord

Question 6

what type of nerve fibers travel in a ventral root

Answer 6

somatic and visceral efferent

Question 7

what type of nerve is the C5 root of the brachial plexus

Answer 7

ventral rami

Question 8

why is the cauda equine longer than the conus medullaris

Answer 8

the vertebral column is longer than the spinal cord

Question 9

where is CSF located

Answer 9

between arachnoid and pia

Question 10

which meningeal layer gives rise to denticulate ligaments

Answer 10

pia

Question 11

what type of cartilage makes up an intervertebral disc

Answer 11

fibrous

Question 12

what other structure does the pia mater give rise to

Answer 12

film terminale internal and externum

Question 13

what type of joint is an intervertebral disc

Answer 13

secondary cartilaginous

Question 14

what movement most likely occurs at a hinge joint

Answer 14

flexion/extension

Question 15

where else are secondary cartilaginous joints found

Answer 15

midline spine (IV joints), pubic symphysis, sternum

Question 16

what is an example of a hinge joint

Answer 16

elbow, knee, interphalangeal, ankle

Question 17

what bony feature is found on the posterior of the mandible

Answer 17

condyle

Question 18

which movements are likely to occur at the condyle

Answer 18

biaxial movement

Question 19

what type of axons travel in nerves that extend to the epidermis

Answer 19

somatic afferent

Question 20

which type of information is conveyed in somatic axons

Answer 20

touch, vibration, temperature, and pain

Question 21

where are the neuronal cell bodies located for somatic afferent

Answer 21

dorsal root ganglion

Question 22

what type of nerve fiber supplies sweat glands

Answer 22

visceral efferent, sympathetic

Question 23

where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located for visceral efferent

Answer 23

lateral horn of spinal segments T1-L2

Question 24

where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies located for visceral efferent

Answer 24

paravertebral ganglion (sympathetic chain)

Question 25

what type of joint is the axio-appendicular joint of the upper limb

Answer 25

planar synovial

Question 26

what type of joint connects most skull bones

Answer 26

fibrous joints

Question 27

what is one exception of skull bone joints

Answer 27

the TMJ is a synovial joint

Question 28

what is the function of a spinous process

Answer 28

muscle attachment

Question 29

what is the difference between spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar region

Answer 29

cervical- bifid, more horizontal lumbar- short, broad, very horizontal

Question 30

what restricts extension of the spine

Answer 30

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 31

what is the function of the nuchal ligament

Answer 31

prevents hyperflexion

Question 32

what type of movements occurs at the IV joint

Answer 32

flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion

Question 33

which muscle forms the superficial layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 33

external oblique

Question 34

what is the homologous muscle in the thorax

Answer 34

external intercostal

Question 35

contraction of the anterior part of the left muscle produces what movement

Answer 35

contralateral rotation to the right

Question 36

contraction of which muscle extends the spine

Answer 36

bilateral erector spinae

Question 37

what movement does unilateral contraction produce

Answer 37

ipsilateral flexion/bending

Question 38

what is the nerve supply for bilateral erector spinae

Answer 38

dorsal rami

Question 39

what is the nerve supply for the external oblique

Answer 39

ventral rami

Question 40

what other tissues do the dorsal rami supply

Answer 40

Intrinsic back muscles and the skin of the back

Question 41

what is an intercostal nerve

Answer 41

ventral ramus

Question 42

what nerve fiber types travel in an intercostal nerve

Answer 42

somatic efferent- to muscle somatic afferent and postganglionic sympathetic- to skin

Question 43

which muscle is located within the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 43

sternocleidomastoid

Question 44

what are the action and innervation of the SCM

Answer 44

contralateral roation, lateral bending accessory nerve and trapezius

Question 45

which nerves provide cutaneous innervation of the posterior neck

Answer 45

dorsal rami

Question 46

if the hyoid is depressed and fixed in place, which of the following is a suprahyoid muscle that will assist in depressing the mandible

Answer 46

digastric

Question 47

which nerve innervates the digastric muscle

Answer 47

anterior belly- CN V posterior belly- CNVII

Question 48

if the hyoid muscles are not able to function what are the symptoms

Answer 48

neck tightness, speech difficulties, dysphagia

Question 49

what does the visceral layer of the pre tracheal fascia enclose

Answer 49

esophagus, larynx, pharynx, thyroid, and parathyroid glands

Question 50

the thyroid gland is located anterior to which structure

Answer 50

trachea

Question 51

at which vertebral level is the hyoid bone located

Answer 51

C3

Question 52

what is a palpable landmark that indicates the location of the airway

Answer 52

laryngeal prominence

Question 53

between which two layers of fascia is located in the retropharyngeal/danger space

Answer 53

visceral layer of pre tracheal and pre vertebral

Question 54

why is the danger space dangerous

Answer 54

it extends from the skull to diaphragm and infection can easily spread through this space

Question 55

which nerves form the cervical plexus

Answer 55

ventral rami

Question 56

which spinal cord segments contribute to the cervical plexus

Answer 56

C1-C4

Question 57

which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior neck

Answer 57

dorsal rami

Question 58

where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located

Answer 58

lateral horn of spinal cord, upper thoracic region

Question 59

which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise

Answer 59

subclavian

Question 60

which lymph nodes are associated with the external jugular vein

Answer 60

superficial cervical

Question 61

where do lymph nodes drain to after the superficial cervical

Answer 61

deep cervical node

Question 62

where does lymph return to the venous system

Answer 62

venous angle

Question 63

damage to which cervical triangle would be the least worrisome

Answer 63

submental

Question 64

what is found in the muscular triangle

Answer 64

muscles and thryoid gland

Question 65

what is found in the carotid triangle

Answer 65

carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal jugular

Question 66

what is found in the submandibular triangle

Answer 66

salivary gland and hypoglossal nerve

Question 67

contraction of muscles within which compartment results in flexion of the fingers

Answer 67

anterior forearm

Question 68

what movement is elicited by muscles in the anterior forearm

Answer 68

pronation

Question 69

which nerve supplies motor innervation to most of the muscles in the forearm

Answer 69

median

Question 70

a patient presents with weakened wrist extension. the muscles of which compartment are affected

Answer 70

posterior forearm

Question 71

the muscles of the posterior forearm compartment contribute to what other movement

Answer 71

lateral deviation of wrist

Question 72

which nerve supplies motor innervation to muscles in the posterior forearm

Answer 72

radial nerve

Question 73

which region of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve arise from

Answer 73

posterior cord

Question 74

weak wrist and finger extension is a likely symptom with compression/lesion of the nerve where

Answer 74

at elbow or wrist region

Question 75

a 28 year old surfer presenter to his PCP with an anterior shoulder dislocation. His joint was reduced, but he later reported that he wasn't able to flex his elbow joint as strongly as he used to. Which nerve might have been damaged when his shoulder dislocated

Answer 75

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 76

Which reflex test would interrogate the integrity of C5

Answer 76

bicep reflex

Question 77

patient reports slight numbness and tingling of left lateral forearm. neuropathy or radiculopathy?

Answer 77

neuropathy

Question 78

which branch of the brachial plexus is most susceptible to damage with a fracture of the humerus at the surgical neck

Answer 78

axillary

Question 79

which artery accompanies the axillary nerve

Answer 79

posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 80

which structure marks the transition from subclavian to axillary artery

Answer 80

first rib

Question 81

which structure marks the transition from axillary to brachial artery

Answer 81

teres major

Question 82

a patient represents with a mass in the right supraclavicular fossa. physical exam suggests that the mass is an enlarged lymph node to an infection. what is the most likely location of the infection

Answer 82

right hand

Question 83

which muscles assist trapezius in scapular retraction

Answer 83

rhomboids

Question 84

which part of trapezius causes retraction

Answer 84

transverse fibers

Question 85

which muscle causes protraction of scapula

Answer 85

serrates anterior

Question 86

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 86

SITS supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis

Question 87

what is the collective function of the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 87

stabilize the glenohumeral joint

Question 88

what are the neurovascular supply of rotator cuff muscles

Answer 88

suprascapular nerve- suprspinatis and infraspinatus axillary nerve- teres minor upper and lower subscapular nerve- subscapular

Question 89

what muscles contributes to the adduction of the arm

Answer 89

latissimus dorsi

Question 90

which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi

Answer 90

thoracodorsal, from the posterior cord