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Cardiopulmonary Block 1 Exam > Block 1 Missed Concepts > Flashcards

Block 1 Missed Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

C3, 4, 5 ….

A

Keep the diaphragm alive- innervation by the phrenic nerve

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2
Q

For flow to occur….

A

There must be a pressure gradient

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3
Q

A normal RQ (respiratory quotient) is

A

0.8 (4L/min ventilation, 5L/min cardiac output perfusion)

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4
Q

Indications for Hyperbaric Oxygenation therapy

A

Diabetic, necrotizing wounds, CO poisoning, Cyanide poisoning

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5
Q

According to ficks law, what will decrease the diffusion of gas in the ACM

A

Decreased pressure gradient
Decreased surface area
Thickened ACM
Decreased diffusion coefficient

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6
Q

At rest, capillary blood is exposed to the alveoli for 0.75s
Equilibrium across the ACM…

A

Equilibration across the ACM typically takes 0.25s in healthy lungs

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7
Q

Calculate the alveolar gas equation (PAO2)

A

PAO2 = ((PB760 - PH2O47) x FIO2) - (PACO2/0.8)

PB ALWAYS IS 760
PH2O ALWAYS 47

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8
Q

Which of the following venous drainage systems contribute to the anatomic shunt?

A

Thebesian
Bronchial
Visceral pleural
Anterior cardiac vein

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9
Q

Surfactant function is to reduce surface tension ….

A

Stabilizing the alveoli so they don’t collapse

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10
Q

Describe the effects of stimulating the SNS, Alpha 1, Beta 1, Beta 2 receptors

A

Alpha 1- vasoconstriction
Beta 1 - increase heart rate and constriction
Beta 2- muscle relaxation, vasodilation, bronchodilator

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11
Q

If a medication is given to your patient and their HR, BP goes up and had an allergic reaction, they were given

A

Sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic

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12
Q

The primary functions of the nose are to

A

Heat, humidify, and filter

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13
Q

Discuss the difference between diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation

A

Perfusion limitation is limited by cardiac output, increase cardiac output, increase diffusion across ACM. Decrease cardiac output, decrease diffusion across ACM

Diffusion limitation is limited by the gas ability to move through. Increase cardiac output, thicker ACM. Decrease cardiac output, ACM thins out

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14
Q

When a mast cell degranulates, it releases…

A

SRS- A, chemotaxic signals, histamine, protease, leukotrienes, heparin, cytokines

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15
Q

Aspirations lead to foreign substances lodging in…

A

Trachea, right middle lobe, right lower lobe

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16
Q

The glottis separates…

A

Upper and lower airways

17
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells..

A

Produce surfactant and serve as replacement for damaged type 1 cells

18
Q

Set VT based on IBW

A
19
Q

What is capillary shunt? What is Anatomic shunt?

A

Capillary shunt is the mixing of blood from non- ventilated areas of the lung with oxygenated blood.

Anatomic shunts introduce deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary veins

20
Q

Differentiate between Cheyne-Stokes, Kussmaul’s, Biot’s and apnea

A

Biots: deep breath followed by apnea

Cheye-stokes: waxing and waning (deep and shallow breaths)

Kussmaul’s: deep rapid breathing at a consistent pace

Apnea: breathing is momentarily cut off

21
Q

Calculate Cst

A
22
Q

Calculate RCT

A
23
Q

Differentiate between hypoventilation (high CO2), hyperventilation (low CO2), tachypnea (RR>20 b/min, adults), and bradypnea (RR<12 b/min)

A
24
Q

Differentiate between deadspace ventilation and Shunt

A

Shunt: perfusion is greater than ventilation
Ex- consolidation; atelectasis, pulmonary edema

Deadspace: ventilation is greater than perfusion
Ex- disruption in blood flow; COPD, pulmonary embolism

25
Q

Given gender, calculate IBW

A
26
Q

To keep flow constant…

A

Pressure increases IF diameter decreases/length increases

If pressure is constant then FLOW will decrease

27
Q

The patient with the highest RAW…

A

High RAW = low flow for same pressure gradient

Low RAW = high flow for same pressure gradient

28
Q

Restrictive lung disease/ Obstructive lung disease association

A

Restrictive lung disease is associated with LOW Cst
Obstructive lung disease is associated with HIGH Raw

29
Q

Calculate minute ventilation (VE)

A
30
Q

Given the four lung volumes calculate the VC, IC, TLC, FRC

A

VC = IET
IC = IT
TLC = all
FRC = RE

31
Q

What methods are used to measure FRC?

A

Helium dilution test
Nitrogen washout
Body plethysmography

32
Q

MIPS and MEPS

A

MIP: spontaneous breathing
(-25) anything less negative is bad
Ex: -5,-10,-15

anything more negative is good
Ex: (-30,-35,-45

MEP: ability to have an effective cough
Ex: >60 is good ; <40 is bad

33
Q

Indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A

Wound healing, diabetics, necrotic tissue, cyanide poisoning, and CO poisoning

34
Q

Differentiate between Normal, restrictive, obstructive PFT

A

FVC and FEV both greater than 80 is normal

FEV1/FC = below 70% is obstructive
FEV1/FC = above 70% is Restrictive

Cardiopulmonary Block 1 Exam (6 decks)

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