Block 1 Overveiw To Consciousness/phys.

Question 0

What are the regions and functions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 0

Frontal lobe - motor control center, executive function
Parietal lobe - somatosensory processing
Temporal lobe - auditory processing, new memory
Occipital lobe - visual processing
Limbic system - emotional processing, learning, memory

Question 1

What is the forebrain made of and what does it do?

Answer 1

Made of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus.

Motor control, somatosensory processing, emotion, thoughts, planning, memory.

Question 2

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 2

Coordinates mutually executive skeletal muscle actions

Operational learning (limbic system, goals)

7 nuclei
Dysfunction seen in huntingtons and parkinsons

Question 3

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 3

• interpret/modulate sensory input to the cortex
• change input to cortex based on arousal, sleep
• a role in attention to parts and features of the sensory enviornment
• sensory relay

Question 4

What is the anatomy and foundation of the brainstem?

Answer 4

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Function
- homeostasis, LIFE-sustaining functions, many cranial nerve nuclei

Question 5

What controls vertical eye movement?

Answer 5

The midbrain

Question 6

What controls the pupil?

Answer 6

The midbrain

Question 7

What controls posture and locomotion?

Answer 7

The midbrain

Question 8

What controls non rapid eye movement?

Answer 8

The midbrain

Question 9

What determines the level of arousal?

Answer 9

The midbrain

Question 10

What does the midbrain do?

Answer 10

Vertical eye movement
Pupil control
Posture and locomotion
Non rapid eye movement 
Level of arousal

Question 11

What controls horizontal eye movement?

Answer 11

The pons

Question 12

What two areas control posture?

Answer 12

The pons and midbrain

Question 13

What controls rapid eye movement?

Answer 13

The pons

Question 14

What controls facial expressions?

Answer 14

The pons

Question 15

What does the pons do?

Answer 15

Horizontal eye movement
Posture
Rapid eye movement
Facial expressions

Question 16

What does the medulla do?

Answer 16

Blood pressure
Breathing
GI motility
Ingestion
Equilibrium

Question 17

What controls blood pressure?

Answer 17

The medulla

Question 18

What controls breathing?

Answer 18

The medulla

Question 19

What controls GI motility?

Answer 19

The medulla

Question 20

What controls equilibrium and ingestion?

Answer 20

The medulla

Question 21

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 21

Coordinates movements that involve multiple joints
Coordinates visually guided movements
Learning complex movements

Question 22

What is wakefulness?

Answer 22

Open eyes, motor arousal, level of consciousness

Question 23

What is awareness?

Answer 23

Experience of thoughts, memories, and emotions

Question 24

What are characteristics of a coma?

Answer 24

Unresponsive to internal or external stimuli May have reflexes No pain, unarousable No spontaneous eye opening Includes damage to both hemispheres, brainstem, or thalamus

Question 25

What state of altered consciousness has damage to both cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, or thalamus?

Answer 25

Coma

Question 26

What are characteristics of a vegetative state (unresponsive wakefulness)?

Answer 26

Spleen wake cycles Unresponsive to external and internal stimuli (pain, pleasure) Not aware of self or others My smile or grimace but only a reflex No memories, emotion, thoughts, or intentions

Question 27

What are characteristics of minimally conscious state?

Answer 27

Some sleep wake cycles Incomplete awareness MCS + is better than -

Question 28

What are characteristics of Locked in syndrome?

Answer 28

``` Sleep-wake cycles Intact awareness Sensory loss, quadriplegia Conscious but unable to interact (maybe blink) Usually bilateral pons ```

Question 29

What is the Glasgow scale?

Answer 29

``` A scale for coma assessment Three parts are Eye opening Motor response Verbal response ```