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Pharm 2 Block 15 > Block 15 Nastiness > Flashcards

Block 15 Nastiness Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Asthma treatment

A

Reversible with B (-) SABA (rescue inhaler for acute attacks)
Then
ICS then
LABA- not monotherapy for asthma

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2
Q

COPD treatment

A

Irreversible

LAMA then
LABA- can be monotherapy for COPD then
ISC with LABA

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3
Q

SABA

A

Rescue inhaler for Acute attacks

B2 (+)

Albuterol and levalbuterol

Directly relax bronchial smooth muscle

SE: Tachycardia

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4
Q

LABA

A

Maintenance, 1st line COPD, not monotherapy

Salmeterol, Formoterol

Directly relax bronchial smooth m

SE: tachycardia

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5
Q

SAMA

A

Use with SABA

Muscarinic (-) M1, M2, M3

Ipratropium

Decrease PARA, (-) constriction of bronchial smooth m

SE: blurry vision, halos

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6
Q

LAMA

A

Muscarinic (-) M1, M3

Tiotropium- takes time

First line COPD

Decrease PARA, (-) constriction of bronchial smooth m

SE: blurry vision, halos

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7
Q

Theophylline (methylxanthine)

A

PDE3 (-): relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

DI: smoking, Rifampin= decreases effects
Macrolides, fluoroquin= increases effect s

Noturnal asthma: SE- gastric reflux
PDE4 (-)

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8
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Fluticasone, Budesonide, Mometasone

Maintenance

SE: thrush- use mouthwash after use

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9
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist: Montelukast, Zafirlukast

5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor: Zileuton

(-) airway edema, smooth muscle contraction

SE: HA

Warning: suicide

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10
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Cromolyn (least toxic), Nedocromil

Prophylaxis for seasonal allergy- decrease inflamm cells

SE: bad taste

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11
Q

Monoclonal antibody

A

Binds to IgE and decreases mediator release

Omailzumab, Dupilumab (IL3 & 4) - last line

SE: site rxn, conjunctivitis

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12
Q

Varenicline

A

COPD

Dopamine (-)

SE: vivid dreams

CI: seizure pt

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13
Q

Bupropion

A

COPD and anti-depressant

Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Warning: suicide

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14
Q

H1 antagonists

A

Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine

Added during allergy season to decrease asthma

Cetirizine SE: abnormal EOM contractions

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine/ Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 (+)

Decongestant- constriction and less mucus

SE: rebound, increase BP

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16
Q

Nasally administered

A

Fluticasone, chromolyn, oxymetazoline, saline wash

No more than 3 day use

SE: nose bleed, HA, bad taste

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17
Q

Dextromethorphan/ codeine

A

Opioids- mu agonist

Suppresses cough center

SE: CNS depression

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18
Q

Benzonatate

A

Topical anesthetic for addiction patient

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19
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant- thins mucus

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20
Q

Prazoles

A

GERD and PUD

PPI-parietal cell

First line for RX treatment esp hypersecretory like zollinger- Ellison

SE: hypomagnesmia, bone fracture

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21
Q

H2 antagonists

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A

GERD and PUD

Ranitidine, Famotidine, Cimetidine

(-) gastric acid secretion/ volume

Cimetidine: increase levels of theophylline and phenytoin

22
Q

Sucralfate

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A

Add on treatment GERD and PUD

Prevents absorption of other meds and vitamins

SE: hypo phosphate is, hypovitaminosis

23
Q

ASA-like

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A

Bismuth

Antacid and coating

Can be sub for PPI in H. Pylori tx- last line

24
Q

Metoclopramide

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A

D2 antagonist

Last line GERD and PUD due to side effects

25
H. Pylori 3 drug regimen
Lansoprazole 30 mg BID Amoxicillin 500 mg- PCN Clarithromycin 500 mg BID PCN alternative: Metro
26
Sulfasalazine
Prodrug 5-ASA Ulcerative colitis- colon SE: agranulocytosis and folate deficiency
27
Mesalamine
5-ASA: UC and CD First line for Chrons disease Induce remission
28
Corticosteroids
UC and CD First line remission in mod-severe Used in maintenance in moderate to severe case but then taper SE: increase IOP and cataract
29
Cyclosporine (immunosuppression)
UC and CD Inhibition of calcineurin- inhibits IL-2 from T cells Warning: HTN and nephrotoxicity
30
Azathioprine (immunosuppression)
UC and CD Purine analog (6-MP) Interferes with metabolism of nucleic acid halting DNA synthesis
31
Infliximab (immunosuppression)
UC and CD- severe first line Anti TNF Warning: TB or fungal infection
32
Natalizumab/Vedolizumab (immunosuppression)
N: Alpha-4 anti-integrin V: alpha-4-beta-7 anti-integrin Block leukocyte migration Warning: PML- brain infection
33
Constipation drugs
Glycerin: laxative of choice in kids Lubiprostone: CL- channel activator Linaclotide: guanylate Cyclades agonist
34
Diarrhea drugs
Loperamide (OTC): warning- heart attack Alosetron: 5-HT-3 antagonist
35
Antiemetics
First line: setron, aprepitant, dexamethasone, promethazine Scopolamine: SE- vertigo
36
Phenytoin
CYP inducer Use: 1st line focal and tonic-clonic seizure, neuralgia SE: gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus
37
Carbamazepine
Use: first line focal and tonic-clonic seizure, bipolar med SE: bloody dyscrasias, blurry vision
38
Lamotrigine
Decrease glutamate SE: SJS
39
Valproate
1st line for myoclonic seizure CYP inhibitor SE: hepatotoxic, alopecia Used for all seizure types
40
Phenobarbital
1st line seizure med in neonates
41
Topiramate
4 Ts- weight loss, nearsightedness, kidney stones, decreased cognition
42
Levetiracetam
Decrease glutamate, blocks Ca2+
43
Ethosuximide
1st line in a sense seizures
44
Amphetamine
Increase dopamine, norepinephrine and 5HT Use: ADHD, narcolepsy SE: MDD, restless, increased BP, psychosis
45
MDMA
Increase 5HT, DA, NE Use: PTSD No dependence SE: hyperthermia
46
Cocaine
Increase DA, NE, 5HT shorter DOA than amphetamine Use: local anesthetic Tolerance, dependence SE: arrhythmia, decrease behavioral side effects
47
Methylxanthines (caffeine)
Mild increase DA, NE but decrease PDE, adenosine Use: alertness, bronchodilator No psychological dependence
48
Ethanol: alcohol
GABA mimetic Acamprosate: NMDA antagonist Disulfiram: blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase Vit B1-> WK syndrome
49
Methanol
Early: formaldehyde odor Late: blindness, metabolic acidosis
50
Isopropyl alcohol
No metabolic acidosis

Pharm 2 Block 15 (3 decks)

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