Block 1_General

Question 1

TART stands for:

Answer 1

• Texture abnormalities
• Asymmetry of bony landmarks
• Restriction of motion
• enderness or soreness to examiner pressure

Question 2

What things should you look for in a general observation?

Answer 2

1. Wash hands
2. Exam of axial skeleton and trunk
   
   1. Anterior
      
      1. Shoulders and clavicles
      2. Carriage of arms
      3. Hands
   2. Lateral
      
      1. Curvature of spine (accentuated)
         
         1. Cervical (Lordosis)
         2. Thoracic (Kyphosis)
         3. Lumbar (Lordosis)
      2. Plumb line (carriage of head)
   3. Posterior
      
      1. Carriage of head
      2. Shoulder heights (scapula)
      3. Spine displacement (right or left)
      4. Scapula (distance from spine)

Question 3

C5 is responsible for movement at this joint (myotome):

Answer 3

Shoulder abduction.

Question 4

Myotome: C6 is responsible for which action?

Answer 4

Elbow flexion or wrist extension.

Question 5

Myotome: C7 is responsible for which action?

Answer 5

Elbow extension or wrist flexion.

Question 6

Myotome: C8 is responsible for which action?

Answer 6

Finger flexion or hand grip.

Question 7

Myotome: T1 is responsible for which action?

Answer 7

Finger abudction/adduction

Question 8

What are the dermatomes of the arm?

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the peripheral nerves of the arm?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the DTR of C5 and how would you test it?

Answer 10

Biceps. Place thumb on biceps tendon and hit.

Question 11

What is the DTR of C6 and how would you test it?

Answer 11

Brachioradialis. Hit just distal to the muscle belly just a little distal to where it starts to become tendonous.

Question 12

What is the DTR of C7?

Answer 12

Triceps

Question 13

Which cervical nerve root and thoracic nerve root do not have a DTR to test?

Answer 13

C8 and T1

Question 14

How would you evaluate the C5 myotome?

Answer 14

Patient abducts shoulder bringing fists in towards chest. Evaluator pushes down on elbows.

Question 15

How would you evaluate the C6 myotome?

Answer 15

With forearm in flexion, patient tries to flex forearm while evaluator tries to extend forearm.

Question 16

How would you evaluate the C7 myotome?

Answer 16

With forearm in flexion, patient tries to extend forearm while evaluator tries to flex forearm.

Question 17

How would you evaluate the C8 myotome?

Answer 17

With arm in supination and fingers in flexion, patient tries to flex fingers while evaluator tries to extend fingers.

Question 18

How would you evaluate the T1 myotome?

Answer 18

With fingers in abduction, patient triest to abduct fingers while evaluator tries to adduct fingers. Then, evaluator places fingers in-between patient’s fingers and asks patient to adduct fingers.

Question 19

What type of bone is dense bone?

Answer 19

Cortical bone.

Question 20

What type of bone is less dense?

Answer 20

Trabecular bone.

Question 21

What does radioluscent mean?

Answer 21

Appears black. Things like air.

Question 22

What does radiopaque mean?

Answer 22

Very white (e.g. metal).

Question 23

If an x-ray is overexposed, what would we see?

Answer 23

Soft tissues look black (x-rays going through it and not bouncing back so we only see really dense things).

Question 24

If an x-ray is underexposed, what would we see?

Answer 24

Soft tissues look really white. Can’t distinguish dense from less-dense.