BLOCK 2 ANTIBIOTICS

Question 0

Non B lactam drugs

Answer 0

MAIN= VANCOMYCIN

1. bacitracin
2. polymyxins
3. teicoplanin

Question 1

B lactam antibiotics 4

Answer 1

1. penicillins
2. cephalosporins
3. carbapenems
4. monobactams

Question 2

protein synthesis inhibtors 4

Answer 2

1. tetracyclines
2. amino-glycosides
3. macrolides
4. others

Question 3

antifolates 2

Answer 3

1. sulfonamides

2. trimethoprim-sulfa-methoxa-zole= TMP/SMX

Question 4

miscallaneous DNA antibiotics 3

Answer 4

1. metronid-azole= flagyl
2. daptomycin= cubicin
3. fluoroquinolines

Question 5

urinary tract antiseptics

Answer 5

1. nitro-furan-toin

Question 6

gout drug and why mentioned

Answer 6

Probenecid
it inhibits the tubular secretion of a # of acids including
1. penicillin
2. cephalosporins
3. fluoroquinolines
therefore it increases the half life of these drugs

Question 7

What are the penicillin groups?

Answer 7

1. natural penicillins
2. anti-staph penicillins
3. amino-penicillins
4. anti-pseudomonas penicillins

Question 8

2 natural penicillins

Answer 8

1. penicillin V

2. penicillin G

Question 9

only UTI drug we know

Answer 9

Nitro-furan-toin

nitrofurantoin

Question 10

MOA of the 1 UTI drug we know

Answer 10

nitrofurantoin

bacteria metabolize drug to active form
active form–> inhibits enzymes and damages DNA

Question 11

Most UTIs are what organism and what drug would you give (if its an uncomplicated UTI)?

Answer 11

E. Coli= gram -

nitrofurantoin

Question 12

what is a side effect of nitrofurantoin and what is the drug used for?

Answer 12

nitrofurantoin= uncomplicated UTI

turns urine BROWN

Question 13

What other drugs could you give for an uncomplicated UTI?

Answer 13

1. TMP/SMX

2. fluoroquinolones

Question 14

What drugs would you give for a complicated UTI?

Answer 14

antipseudomonal penicillin + gentamicin

gentamicin= aminoglycoside

Question 15

what is the purpose of probenecid?

Answer 15

probenecid= anti gout drug

BUT–> inhibits tubular secretion of # of acids including

	1. penicillins
	2. cephalosporins
	3. Fluoroquinolines therefore: can give probenecid if you want to increase the half life of antibiotic

Question 16

What do fluoroquinolines generally target?

Answer 16

gram -; BUT 3rd and 4th gen can kill bacteroides (anaerobic) and clostridium ( but not difficile)
ALSO give 3rd and 4th gen FQ for penicillin and macrolide resistant Strept. pneumoniae

Question 17

MOA of fluroquinoline, function of the enzyme it inhibits

Answer 17

inhibit DNA gyrase= topoisomerase 2

enzyme that relaxes + supercoils in the DNA–> this allows for normal transcription and replication

Question 18

What do you have to remember about FQ?

Answer 18

DNA gyrase/topoisomerase 2–> relaxes + supercoiling

+ supercoiling= tension–> - replication
no topoisomerase 2= no DNA replication

FQ= bactericidal

Question 19

2nd gen fluoroquinolines and their spectrum

Answer 19

1. ciprofloxacin
2. ofloxacin

broad= lots of gram -

Question 20

3rd gen fluroquinolines and their spectrum

Answer 20

1. levo-floxacin
2. moxi-floxacin

very broad= gram - and +

Question 21

4th gen fluoroquinolines and their spectrum

Answer 21

gemi-floxacin

very broad= gram - and +

Question 22

which fluoroquinolines are considered broad enough to be affective against Strept. pneumoniae

Answer 22

3rd and 4th generation bc they are so broad

active for penicillin and macrolide resistant Strept. pneumoniae

Question 23

How do you get resistance to FQ?

Answer 23

1. mutation in bacterial DNA gyrase/topoisomerase 2–> decreases affinity of drug for enzyme
2. decreased penetration or increased efflux of drug= decreased accumulation of drug in bacterial cells

Question 24

do you have to adjust the dose of FQ for renal failure?

Answer 24

yes, all FQ are filtered at the glomerulus

Question 25

Adverse effects of FQ?

Answer 25

generally well tolerated 1. effect COLLAGEN METABOLISM AND CARTILAGE DEVELOPMENT--> think CT CAN CAUSE TENDONITIS AND TENDON RUPTURES IN ADULTS 2. GI upset 3. phototoxicity (like tetracyclines)

Question 26

You need to avoid antacid use (Mg2+ and Al3+) and iron and zinc supplements when you take which 2 drugs? aka metal chelation

Answer 26

1. fluoroquinolines | 2. tetracyclines

Question 27

What are the miscellaneous DNA antibiotics

Answer 27

1. metro-nid-azole= flagyl | 2. dapto-mycin= cubicin

Question 28

Which drugs should you not take concurrently with antacid or zinc and iron supplements?

Answer 28

1. Tetracyclines | 2. Fluoroquinolines