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Biochem > Block 2, carb chemistry and lipid digestion > Flashcards

Block 2, carb chemistry and lipid digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Aldose

A

sugar containing an aldehyde group CH=O

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2
Q

Ketose

A

sugar containing a ketone group CR=O. ketoses have one fewer chiral center as compared to aldoses with the same number of carbon atoms.

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3
Q

Glyceraldehyde

A

Simplest Aldose

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4
Q

Dihydroxyacetone

A

Simplest Ketose

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5
Q

epimers

A

glucose and galactose

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6
Q

lactose bond

A

galactose beta 1-4 glucose

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7
Q

Sucrose bond

A

Glucose alpha 1-2 fructose

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8
Q

Maltose bond

A

glucose alpha 1-4 glucosse

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9
Q

Cellobiose bond

A

glucose beta 1-4 glucose

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10
Q

Isomaltose bond

A

glucose alpha 1-6 glucose

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11
Q

amylose

A

straight chain of glucose with alpha 1 -4 linkage

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12
Q

cellulose

A

straight chain of glucose with beta 1-4 linkage

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13
Q

amylopectin

A

can break cellulose bonds, humans dont have this

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14
Q

amylopectin

A

starch that has alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 linkage branched

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15
Q

glycogen

A

more branched than amylopectin

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16
Q

sterioisomers

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but different three dimensional orientation

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17
Q

enatiomers

A

chiral molecules that are mirror images of one another

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18
Q

diasteriomers

A

when sterioisomers have diff configurations at one or more but not all chiral carbons

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19
Q

epimers

A

diastereomers that differ at only one chiral center

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20
Q

anomers

A

cyclic monosaccarides that are epimers that differ at c1 (aldose) or c2 (ketose)

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21
Q

OH pointed up

A

beta configuration

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22
Q

OH pinted down

A

Alpha configuration

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23
Q

OH available at anomeric carbon

A

reducing sugar

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24
Q

maltose

A

reducing sugar

25
Q

sucrose

A

non reducing sugar

26
Q

sorbitol

A

sugar alcohol not well absorbed

27
Q

Aldose reductase

A

converts D glucose to sorbitol

28
Q

glucopyranose

A

Cylic form of D-glucose

C5 attacks C1 (which becomes the anomeric carbon

29
Q

Benidicts test

A

Tests for reducing sugars red= reducing

30
Q

starch digestion

A

Amylose/Amylopectin -> maltose, malttriose, dextrin

31
Q

Secretin

A

released when pH is low, stimulates the release of bicarbonate

32
Q

CCK

A

stimulates release of pancreatic amylase

33
Q

Sucrase-isomaltase complex

A

Breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose, maltose into glucoes and glucose

34
Q

Lactase complex

A

Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

35
Q

Trehlase complex

A

breaks trehalose into 2 glucose

36
Q

Glucoamlase complex

A

removes alpha 1-4 linkage from non reducing end of starch (one at a time)

37
Q

SGLT 1

A

brings glucose and galactose into the enterocyte

38
Q

GLUT2

A

helps transport glucose and galactose out of the cells into capillaries

39
Q

Glycemic index

A

Measure of carbohydrate digestion and absorption rate

40
Q

Fatty acid structure

A

long hydrocarbon tail with carboxylic acid at the end

41
Q

triacylglycerol

A

esther derived from glycerol and three fatty acids

42
Q

Intracellular lipid digestion

A

triggered by activation of protein kinase A

43
Q

extracellular lipid digestion

A

Takes place in lumen of small intestine

44
Q

Lipoprotein

A

transport cholesterol

45
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Largest lipoprotein, low density, low protein, lots of triglycerides

46
Q

VLDL

A

very low denisty, lots of tryglycerides, found in liver

47
Q

IDL

A

intermediate density, found in liver

48
Q

LDL

A

bad cholesterol, carries cholesterol from the blood to the liver

49
Q

HDL

A

good cholesterol 4% free cholesterol

50
Q

LCAT

A

blood enzyme converts cholesterol into cholesteryl esther

51
Q

ACAT

A

enzyme found inside the cell and it converts cholesterol into cholesteryl ester

52
Q

5- Acetyl-coA

A

starting material to synthesize cholesterol

53
Q

7- Dehydrocholesterol

A

This is a precursor for vitamin D

54
Q

Bile salts

A

amphipathic, synthesized from cholesteroal in the liver by reduction, hydroxylation and oxidation of side chain

55
Q

apolipoproteins

A

allow lipids to be carried in blood plasma

56
Q

ApoA1 and Apoc2

A

activate LCAT

57
Q

ApoB

A

deliver cholesterol and TC to different tissues

58
Q

Lingual and Gastric lipase

A

hydrolyze short and medium chain fatty acids

59
Q

pancreatic and colipase

A

hydrolyze long chian fatty acids

Biochem (2 decks)

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