Block 3: Drugs and the ANS Flashcards Preview

214.202 Pharmacology > Block 3: Drugs and the ANS > Flashcards

Flashcards in Block 3: Drugs and the ANS Deck (36)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Acetycholine always binds to a —- receptor.

A

Cholinergic.

2
Q

Drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors on effectors and stimulate a fight/flight response are…

A

Adrenergic agonists and sympathomimetics.

3
Q

Drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors on effectors and block a fight/flight response are…

A

Adrenergic antagonists and sympatholytics.

4
Q

Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors on effectors and stimulate a rest/digest response are…

A

Cholinergic/muscarinic agonists and parasympathomimetics.

5
Q

Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors on effectors and block a rest/digest response are…

A

Cholinergic/muscarinic antagonist and parasympatholytics.

6
Q

What receptor is found in sympathetic effector tissue (smooth muscle of blood vessels, iris dilator muscle, GI and urinary tract)

A

A1 receptors.

7
Q

What receptor is found in the axon terminal of presynaptic neurons?

A

A2 receptors.

8
Q

What receptor is found in sympathetic effector tissue (heart, adipose tissue, GI tract renal arterioles).

A

B1 receptors.

9
Q

What receptor is found in sympathetic effect tissue (smooth muscle of bronchioles and uterus, blood vessels supplying the heart, skeletal muscle, brain and liver)

A

B2 receptors.

10
Q

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, ephedrine, and dopamine are…

A

non-selective a and B agonists.

11
Q

Phenylephrine is a…

A

Selective a1 agonist.

12
Q

Dobutamine is a …

A

Selective B1 agonist.

13
Q

Salbutamol and salmeterol are…

A

Selective B2 agonists.

14
Q

Carvedilol and labetalol are…

A

Non-selective B blockers.

15
Q

Metoprolol and atenolol are…

A

Selective B1 blockers.

16
Q

Clonidine and apraclonidine are…

A

Selective a2 agonists.

17
Q

What is the mode of action of non-selective agonists?

A

To bind to a and B receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

18
Q

What are the clinical uses of non-selective agonists?

A

Treatment of cardiac arrest, hypotension, shock. Management of acute anaphylaxis.

19
Q

What is the mode of action of a1 agonists?

A

To bind to a1 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

20
Q

What are the clinical uses of a1 agonists?

A

Treat hypotension, nasal congestion, red eyes.

21
Q

What are the common adverse effects of a1 agonists?

A

Hypertension, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention.

22
Q

What is the mode of action for B1 agonists?

A

To bind to B1 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

23
Q

What is the mode of action for B2 agonists?

A

To bind to B2 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

24
Q

What is the mode of action for B antagonists/ Beta blockers?

A

To bind to B receptors and block a sympathetic nervous system response.

25
Q

—- receptors are found in the brain, autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction, and the adrenal medulla.

A

Nicotinic.

26
Q

—- receptors are found in all parasympathetic effectors and in some cholinergic sympathetic effectors - sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscle.

A

Muscarinic.

27
Q

Acetylcholine and pilocarpine are…

A

Muscarinic agonists.

28
Q

Nicotine and suxamethonium are…

A

Nicotinic agonists.

29
Q

Atropine, benzatropine, ipratropium, glycopyrronium, and hyoscine are…

A

Antimuscarinics/ anticholinergics/ muscarinic antagonists.

30
Q

Rocuronium is a…

A

Nicotinic antagonist.

31
Q

Pyridostigmine and neostigmine are…

A

Anticholinesterases.

32
Q

What is the mode of action of muscarinic agonists?

A

To bind to muscarinic receptors and stimulate a parasympathetic nervous system response.

33
Q

What is the mode of action of nicotinic agonists?

A

To bind to nicotinic receptors and mimic acetylcholine.

34
Q

What is the mode of action of anticholinesterase drugs?

A

To inhibit the enzyme acetylcholine esterase, which increases the amount of ACh and therefore cholinergic effects.

35
Q

What is the mode of action of muscarnic antagonists?

A

To bind to muscarinic receptors and block ACh from binding which inhibits a parasympathetic response.

36
Q

What is the mode of action of nicotinic antagonists?

A

To bind to nicotine receptors at the neuromuscular junction and block ACh from binding causing paralysis of the muscle.