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Anatomy > block 3 question 12 > Flashcards

block 3 question 12 Flashcards

1
Q

anal canal upper half

A

hindgut of the ectoderm, columnar epithelium vertical folds called anal columns, joined by the lower ends by the small semi lunar folds anal valves remains of proctodeal membrane

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2
Q

anal canal upper half nerve supply

A

rectal mucosa and derived from the autonomic hypogastric plexuses. it is sensitive only to stretch

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3
Q

anal canal upper half arterial supply and vein lymph

A

namely the superior rectal arterym branch of the inferior mesenteric artery

venous drainage is mainly by the superior rectal vein, a tributary of the mesenteric vein and the portal vein

lymphatic drainage= mainly upward along the superior rectal artery to the pararectal nodes –> inferior mesenteric nodes

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4
Q

anal canal

A

ectoderm of the proctodeum
lined by stratified squamos epi, which gradually merges at the anus with the perianal epidermis
no anal columns

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5
Q 
lower half anal canal 
nerve 
arterial 
venous
lymph
A

-nerve supply is from the somatic inferior rectal nerve
sensitive to pain, temp, touch and pressure
- arterial supply= inferior rectal vien –> internal pudendal vein
- venous drainage is by the inferior rectal vien–> internal pudendal vein–> internal iliac
- lymph- medial group of superficila inguinal nodes

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6
Q

the anorectal ring

A

puborectalis (innermost of levator ani muscle, extends from the pubic bone, obturator fascia and ischial spine to the coccyx and anococcygeal ligament) upper end of the external and internal anal sphincter
-puborectalis big role in continence than the interal and external sphinctor

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7
Q

anal triangle

A

internal= smooth muscle (thickened circular muscle coat). Surrounds upper 2/3 anal canal
automatic nerve supply (involuntary)

external=striated muscle
surrounds lower lower 2/3 of anal canal
-subcutaneous - lower end of anal canal
-superficial- attached to coccyx and perineal body
-deep- blends with puborectalis muscle
innervation by anal nerves of pudenal nerve and branches of s4 (voluntary)

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8
Q

anal nerve reaction

A

impulse from cererbral cortex–> voluntary motor –> external anal sphinctor

  1. feces move into and distnd the rectum, stimulating stretch receptor there, the receptors there. the receptor transmit signals along efferent fibers to spinal cord neurons
  2. a spinal reflex is intiated in which parasympathetic motor (efferent) fibers, stimulate contraction of the rectum and sigmoid colon and relaxation of the of the internal anal sphincter
  3. if it is convenient to defecate voluntary motor neurons are inhibited allowing the external anal sphincter to relax so feces may pass
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9
Q

male internal reproductive viscera

A 
pelvic cavity:
vas deferns 
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory ducts 
prostate gland 
bulbourethreal glands
urethra
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10
Q

arterial pathway iliac artery

A

blood to the urine bladder, wall of the pelvis, external gentalia, medial portion of the femoral region. blood to the uterus and vagina

abd aorta–> right common iliac —> right internal and right external iliac.

right internal–> superior gluteal / obturator/ internal pudendal / lateral sacral

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11
Q

ductus deferens

A

transports mature sperm to the urethra for ejaculation
continuaton of the epididymis
30-45 cm long
superior artery –> artery to the ductus
venous drainage to the pelvic venous plexus
lymph= ductus deferns to the external and internal iliac nodes
INNVERVATION = MOSTLY sympathetic from the pelic plexus

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12
Q

ductus deferens pathway

A

convoluted portion

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13
Q

BRS ductus deferens

A

thick walled tube that enters the pelvis at the deep inguinal line
crosses the medial side of the umbiliccal artery and the obturator vessels passes superiorly to the ureter nerve near the wall of the bladder -> dialates and becomes the ampulla at the terminal spot. has fructose which is nutrative msotly sympathetic of the hypogastric plexus ‘parasympathetic nerves of the pelvic plexus

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14
Q

ductus deferens pathway

A

convoluted portion of the ductus deferens become straighter 2-3 mm as it goes posteriorly to the testis and medial to the epidyimis.
ascends on the posterior aspect of the spermatic cord until it reaches the deep inguinal ring where it participates in the formation of the spermatic cord–> loops to the inferior epigastric artery
then it goes to the lateral pelvic wall medial to the distal ureter, along posterior wall of the bladder until it reaches the seminal vessicles dorsal to the prostate

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15
Q

seminal vessicles

A

seminal vesicles produce sugar rich sluid fructose -> give the sperm energy and helps is move

most of sperm fluid is from here

btwn bladder and rectum
apx. 5 cm in length
Denonvillers fascia rectovesical fascia
ductus deferns lie medially and prostatic venous plexus lies laterally. arterial blood supply from inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries while venous and lymphatic drainage accompanies

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16
Q

Ejaculatory Ducts

A

2 cm in length
union of the seminal vesicles and ampulla of the vas deferens
Each ducts starts at the base of the prostate and terminates at the seminal colliculus Verumontanum
vasculature, innervation and lymph ducts of the ejaculatory ducts are the same as for the ductus deferens

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17
Q

prostate

A

20% of ejaculation will come from here
thin milky slightly alkaline fluid this will help make that semen thicker and coagulate it more after its in the vagina
citric acid, proteolytic enyzmes, sugar, phosphate, and various ions
ph 7/8
ovoid structure has the urethra, and 2.5- 30 cm by 40-4.5 cm normally weighs 20-25 g

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18
Q

parts of the prostrate

A

base by the bladder
apex is superiorly
anterior border= vesicoprostatic plexus
posterior border contact with the levators ani and the prostatic venous plexus
fibers of the external urethral sphinctor surround the prostate

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19
Q

prostate arterial supply

A

supply to the prostate gland, derived from the inferior vesicles branches to the middle rectal artery
venous drainage prosthetic plexus, eventually drains into the internal iliac vein
lymphatic drainage flows to the internal iliac nodes
innvervation is derived from the inferior portion to the CT surrounding the glands

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20
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

during the sexual arousal each gland makes a clear salty viscous secretion know as pre- ejactulate
it helps with lubricating the urethra so sperm can easily go through it will also neutralize the acidity of the urine in the urethra and it takes out any urine that is left there or any sort of foriegn matter
-enclosed by the urethral sphinctor
-excretory duct of the gland penetrates the perineal membrane and opens within the bulbar urethra
-vaculature, lymph, and innver basically the same for the seminal vesicles

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21
Q

urethra-

A

stretches from the bladder to the tip of the glans penis this is where semen and urine comes out.
Prostatic- (PORTION OF THE URETHRA THAT IS IN THE PROSTATE) goes vertically from the neck through the prostate before it becomes the membrane of the urethra and goes into the perineal membrane
prostatic urethra has orifice of the ejaculatory duct

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22
Q

urethra male

A

membranous urethra goes into the deep perineal space
surrounded by fibers of the external urethral sphincter
Enters the bulb corpus spongiosum, orifice for bulbourethral glands –> becomes the penile urethra.
urethra get to the glans penis, diameter goes down to the external ostium, least dilatable portion of the urethral canal

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23
Q

female internal reproductive viscera

A 
vagina 
cervix 
uterus 
uterine tubes 
ovaries
24
Q

vagina

A

extends from the vulva externally to the uterine cervix internally
located within the pelvis, anterior to the rectum and posteror to urinary bladder
lies 90 degrees to the uterus
endopelvic fascia and ligament

25
Q

vagina

A

lined with rugae- allows for distention for child bearing
structure of the vagina is a network of connective membrane and erectile tissue
pelvic diaphragm, the sphincter urethrae and transverse peroneus muscle= innervated by the perineal branch of the pudenal nerve
pelvic diagraphm primarily refers to the leavtor ani and the coccygeus, innervated by the s2-s4

26
Q

vagina

A

vascular supply primarily from the vaginal artery, a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, nerve supply primarily from the autonomic nervous system
sensory fibers to the lower vagina: comes from the pudendal nerve, pain fibers from the nerve roots
Lymph drainage of the vagina generally external iliac nodes (upper third of the vagina), the common iliac (middle third) and superficial inguinal (lower third)

27
Q

cervix

A

inferior portion of the uterus its separate from the body of the uterus and the vagina
circle
external opening, terminate into the external os, internal opening into the endometrial
average length 3-5 cm

28
Q

uterus ligaments

A

rectouterine ligament

round

29
Q

rectouterine

A

ligament
peritone fold
from the cervix to sacrum

30
Q

round ligament

A

denser structure
uterus to the anterolateral abdominal wall at the deep inguinal ring.
within the anterior lamina of broad ligament
this is where the sampson art is which needs to be careful for hysterectomy

31
Q

Uterus inner/ art/ venous

A

come from anterior div of internal iliac branch to the uterine artery anastomse with the ovarian artery along the uterine tube
lymph lateral aortic, plevic, iliac node around the iliac vessels
Nerve= sympathetic nervous supply via hypogastric and ovarian plexuses
parasympathetic= pelvic nerve from the 4th sacral nerve

32
Q

uterine

A

primary job–> sperm to the egg into artery
fert egg back to uterus for implan
CORNUA= exit to the uterus making canal through endometrial and peritoneal cav
10 cm in length 1 cm in diameter
MESOSALPINX= broad ligament that stretches from the ovary to the uterine tube

33
Q

broad lig

A

peritoneum from the uterus to the floor of the pelvis

34
Q

part of uterine

A
  1. ISTHMUS= first ligament closet to the uterus
  2. Ampulla= this is where you see most of the eggs being fert
  3. INFUNDIBULUM= gives rise to fimbriae (fingerlink projection that catch the eggs that released
35
Q

uterine arterial supply fallopian

A

branches of uterine and ovarian arteries

small vessels on the mesosalpinx

36
Q

nerve supply uterine fallopian tube

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

sensory fibers 11-12 and lumbar segment 1

37
Q

uterine fallopian tubes lymphatics

A

through iliac and aortic nodes

38
Q

Ovaries

A

either side of uterus mesovarium portion of broad ligament
have a bunch of housing and releasing the ova, or egg necessary for reproduction.
birth 1-2 mil
300 mature
actual size 3-5 cm
smaller in menopause

39
Q

Ovaires:

ovarian ligament

A

connects uterus to the ovary

40
Q

ovs:

broad ligament

A

mesovarium

supports the ovaries and vascular supply

41
Q

ovs:

suspernsory ligament of the ovaries

A

in fundibular pelvic ligament
peritoneal fold on the ovarian vessel
ovary to the wall

42
Q

ovs:

vas

A

ovarian arteries

43
Q

ovs: venous

A

left ov v. to left renal vein an to right ovarian vein into IVC

44
Q

lymph drainage

A

ovary is primarily to lateral aortic nodes, iliac nodes may also be involved

45
Q

sigmoid colon

A

two opening
Superficial inguinal ring- a triangular- shaped defect in the aponeurosis of the externa abdominal oblique and lies immediately above and medial to the pubic tubercle

   deep inguinal ring- an oval opening in transverse fascia and lies approximately 1.5 cm above midpoint of inguinal ligament lateral to inferior epigastric vessels s shaped, variable, 38 cm long  s3 retosigmoid junction, terminates at the taenaie coli
46
Q

sigmoid vas

A

sigmoid branches of inferior mesenteric artery

47
Q

sigmoid veins

A

inferior mesesnteric artery portal venous system

48
Q

sigmoid nerve supply

A

sympathetic and parasympathic nerves form inferior hypogastric plexuses

49
Q

sigmoid lymph drainage

A

lymph to nodes along the course of sigmoid arteries, from these nodes, lymph travels to the inferior mesenteric nodes

50
Q

rectum

A 
13 cm long 
true pelvis 
from sigmoid colon to anal colon 
mucous membrane 
rectum flexure- sacral, anorectal, lateral (superior, inferior, and intermediate)
51
Q

rectum- relations

A 
female= recto-uterine pouch of Douglas 
males= rectovesicle
52
Q

rectum

A

lumbar spinal cord
lumbrar splanchnic and hypogastric/plexuses
s2-s4

53
Q

inguinal canal

A

2 opening

superficial (triangle defect apnorsis and the deep

54
Q

inguinal canal structure

A 
males= spermatic cord, iloinguinal nerve 
females= round ligament of uterus ilioinguinal nerve
55
Q

sperm cord

A

external spermatic fascia= external oblique
cremasteric fascia= internal oblique
internal spermatic fascia= fascia transversalis

56
Q

anal canal

A

1.5 in long and passes downward and backwards from the rectal ampulla to the anus. except during defication, lateral walls and kept in appostion by the levatores ani muscle and anal sphincters
competely extraperitaneal
divided into an upper and lower half by the pectinate line

Anatomy (5 decks)

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