Block 3 - Vitamins

Question 1

name the water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

B and C

Question 2

Retinol and Carotenoids are in what class of vitamins?

Answer 2

A

Question 3

which is the active form, retinol or beta-carotine?

Answer 3

retinol

Question 4

what kind of foods have the active form of retinol?

Answer 4

most animal sources, primarily dairy and liver

Question 5

what kinds of food have the precursor form of retinol, beta carotene?

Answer 5

mostly plant sources such as leafy greans and brightly-colored vegetables

Question 6

RDA of Vitamin A

Answer 6

700(W)-900(M) mcg

Question 7

do you get more beta-carotene from a supplement or from the food source?

Answer 7

supplement, it is much more potent that the food source

Question 8

what is the limit on liver consumption, who is it for, and why is there one?

Answer 8

< 5000IU/day and limited liver consumption for pregnant women due to birth defects (cleft palate, heart defects, hydrocephalus

Question 9

who set the limit for liver consumption?

Answer 9

March of Dimes

Question 10

is there a limit on beta-carotene?

Answer 10

no, because conversion to the active form decreases as stores fill up

Question 11

what are the four key adverse effects to vitamin A toxicity?

Answer 11

birth defects, liver and spleen enlargement, increased risk of osteoporosis, CNS agitation and HA

Question 12

a deficiency in what causes vision changes including xerophthalmia and poor night vision; decreased immune function, slowed growth in children; often linked to zinc deficiency (required for retinol binding protein, a vit A transporter)?

Answer 12

Vitamin A

Question 13

vitamin D aka ______

Answer 13

calciferol

Question 14

Vitamin D2 aka _____

Answer 14

ergocalciferol

Question 15

Vitamin D3 aka _____

Answer 15

cholecalciferol

Question 16

what are sources of Ergocalciferol (D2)?

Answer 16

plants and dietary supplements

Question 17

what are sources of Cholecalciferol (D3)?

Answer 17

the skin via UV ray exposure, fish, fortified dairy products, fortified cereals

Question 18

RDA of vitamin D and UL?

Answer 18

RDA: 600 (1-70yo) 800 (>70yo) IU/day (100IU = 2.5mcg)
UL: 4000 IU/day

Question 19

Sun exposure __-__ min without sunscreen twice a week (face, hands, arms, back) is usually adequate - ~1000IU each exposure

Answer 19

10-15

Question 20

what vitamin functions to Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels primarily by absorption, modulation of bone mineralization, cell growth modulation

Answer 20

Vitamin D

Question 21

deficiency of what vitamin can cause rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis?

Answer 21

Vitamin D

Question 22

toxicity of what vitamin can cause N/V, poor appetite, constipation, hypercalcemia, weakness, and weight loss
?

Answer 22

Vitamin D

Question 23

vitamin E aka _____

Answer 23

α-tocopherol

Question 24

sources of vitamin E/α-tocopherol?

Answer 24

Vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, wheat germ, “fortified” foods

Question 25

is natural or supplemented vitamin E/α-tocopherol more potent?

Answer 25

natural

Question 26

what vitamin's function is to act as an Antioxidant; protecting cells from free radical damage?

Answer 26

Vitamin E/α-tocopherol

Question 27

RDA of Vitamin E?

Answer 27

RDA: 15-19 mg/day

Question 28

Increased vitamin E can cause a _______, which can be multiplied when mixed with medications such as _____

Answer 28

bleeding risk, warfarin

Question 29

deficiency of what vitamin is rare in healthy individuals; most common with diseases of fat absorption like Crohn’s disease and results in nerve and muscle degeneration, dry skin or hair, impaired wound healing?

Answer 29

vitamin E

Question 30

toxicity of what vitamin causes Increased bleeding risk, GI symptoms, fatigue?

Answer 30

vitamin E

Question 31

what is the UL of vitamin E and why is there one?

Answer 31

1000mg b/c of bleeding risk

Question 32

vitamin K aka ______

Answer 32

quinone

Question 33

vitamin K1

Answer 33

phytonadione

Question 34

what are sources of vitamin K1/phytonadione?

Answer 34

plants: dark green leafy vegetables, broccoli

Question 35

vitamin K2

Answer 35

menaquinone

Question 36

what are sources of vitamin K2/menaquinone?

Answer 36

animals: organ meats, eggs

Question 37

vitamin K3

Answer 37

menadione

Question 38

characteristics of K3/menadione?

Answer 38

synthetic and water-soluble (Not a supplement)

Question 39

what vitamin function in the Synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S?

Answer 39

vitamin K/quinone

Question 40

what is the UL of vitamin K?

Answer 40

there isn't one

Question 41

recommended intake of vitamin K?

Answer 41

90-120mcg

Question 42

what is the RDA of vitamin K?

Answer 42

technically doesn't have one

Question 43

a deficiency of what vitamin results in increased bruising and bleeding?

Answer 43

vitamin K

Question 44

what form of vitamin K can cause hemolytic anemia?

Answer 44

K3/menadione

Question 45

describe the toxicities of vitamin K?

Answer 45

relatively nontoxic

Question 46

interaction with what two classes of drugs can cause a depletion of vitamin K?

Answer 46

antibiotics and anticoagulants

Question 47

interaction with what 3 things can cause decreased absorption of vitamin K?

Answer 47

bile acid sequestrants, orlistat, mineral oil

Question 48

what common drug does vitamin K decrease the effect of?

Answer 48

warfarin

Question 49

vitamin B1

Answer 49

thiamine

Question 50

vitamin B2

Answer 50

riboflavin

Question 51

vitamin B3

Answer 51

Niacin

Question 52

vitamin B6

Answer 52

pyridoxine

Question 53

vitamin B9

Answer 53

Folic Acid

Question 54

vitamin B12

Answer 54

cobalamin

Question 55

RDA of B1/thiamine?

Answer 55

1.1-1.4mg

Question 56

how many days does it take to become deficient of B1/thiamine?

Answer 56

~14 days

Question 57

deficiency of what vitamin can result in Wernicke's encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, and beriberi?

Answer 57

vitamin B1/thiamine

Question 58

RDA of B2/riboflavin

Answer 58

1.1-1.6 mg/day