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Block 5 POM > Block 5; Week 2 Eye Quiz > Flashcards

Block 5; Week 2 Eye Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important eye muscles to know & what is their innervation?

A 
Superior Rectus-CN3
Inferior Rectus-CN3
Medial Rectus-CN3
Lateral Rectus-CN6
Superior Oblique-CN4
Inferior Oblique-CN3
Levator Palpebrae Superioris-CN3
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2
Q

Which important structures do you find on the eyelid?

A 
skin
striated muscle
tarsal plate
conjunctivae
meibomian glands
eyelashes
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3
Q

Where do you find the conjunctiva?

A

palpebral part: this lines the sclera (the white part of the eye, except the cornea)
bulbar/ocular: lines the inside of the eyelids

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4
Q

What are the meibomian glands?

A

these are glands that produce oils for tear film

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5
Q

Describe the pathway of the tears.

A 
Lacrimal gland makes them
they flow over the cornea
they drain via canaliculi into the lacrimal sac
go into lacrimal duct
go into nasal meatus
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6
Q

What do you find on the outer wall of the internal eye?

A

Sclera (more posteriorly)

Cornea (more anteriorly)

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7
Q

Describe the composition of the sclera.

A

dense
avascular
“whites of the eyes”

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8
Q

Describe the composition of the cornea.

A

continuous w/ sclera
refraction power of the eye
rich sensory innervation
avascular too!

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9
Q

What is found in the middle pigmented layer of the internal eye? What is another name for this?

A

aka Uvea
Choroid posteriorly
Ciliary Body & Iris anteriorly
**uveal tract: choroid–>ciliary body–>iris

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10
Q

What is the iris?

A

this is a contractile pigmented muscular disk

it controls the amount of light that can reach the retina

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11
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

it affects accommodation

it makes aqueous humor

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12
Q

Describe the structure of the choroid. What is its fcn?

A

it is pigmented
it is richly vascularized
it supplies O2 to the outer layer of the retina

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13
Q

What is found on the inner layer of the internal eye? What is its structure?

A 
Retina!
sensory network 
transforms light impulses-->electrical impulses
see optic disc
see macula/fovea centralis
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14
Q

Describe how light impulses travel.

A 
Light impulses
Retina transforms to electrical impulses
Optic Nerve
Optic Chiasma
Optic Tract
Visual Cortex
Conscious Awareness Cerebral Cortex
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15
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

far-sightedness

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16
Q

Describe the vision of infants at birth.

A

hyperopic
not much visual acuity
fully developed peripheral vision
central vision not fully developed

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17
Q

Describe the vision of an infant at 6 mos.

A

At that age, they can differentiate colors.

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18
Q

Describe the vision of old people.

A

Presbyopia.

Can’t accommodate & focus on near objects.

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19
Q

If CC is eye problem. Ask about recent events….

A

red eye
injury to the eye
foreign bodies in the eye
trauma

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20
Q

If CC is eye problem, ask about hx of which conditions?

A 
eye surgery
recent illness
chronic illness
*esp Diabetes, HTN, thyroid problems, HIV, IBD (& other autoimmune)
Also, ask about allergies!
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21
Q

If CC is eye problem…ask about social hx…

A

smoking
job around chemicals
corrective lenses

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22
Q

If CC is eye problem…ask about family hx of which conditions?

A 
retinoblastoma, 
glaucoma, 
macular degeneration, 
HTN, 
DM, 
color blindness, 
allergies, 
nearsightedness/farsightedness
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23
Q

Which meds should you ask a pt about if the CC is an eye problem?

A 
eye drops, 
antibiotics, 
antihistamines, 
antidepressants,
steroids (promote cataract formation), 
B-blockers
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24
Q

If someone says “I have bad vision,” what are your followup questions?

A

Do you wear glasses?
Do you experience itching, inflammation, masses on your eyelid?
Do you have cataracts?
Are you color blind?
Do you have blurred vision (bad visual acuity)?
Do you see 2 images (diplopia)?

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25
Q

What are some important tests for visual acuity?

A 
Basic Visual Acuity Testing
Pinhole Test
Rosenbaum Pocket Vision Screener
Confrontation Test
Color Plates
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26
Q

Describe what you do with a basic visual acuity test & what you are testing exactly?

A

you have the pt stand 20feet from snellen chart
cover one eye & read.
record the lowest line that they could read all the letters
record 20ft away/another # distance @ which they can read the chart
**tests the optic nerve
**a measurement of central vision

27
Q

Do you have them do the Snellen chart w/ or w/o their glasses?

A

at first w/o

28
Q

What is considered legal blindness?

A

20/200

29
Q

What is the pinhole test & when should you conduct it?

A

**should be done when vision is should improve the score.

30
Q

What does the Rosenbaum Pocket Vision Screener test? How is this test conducted?

A

this tests near vision in each eye separately

hold card 14 inches from the line & read the lowest line possible.

31
Q

Is the confrontation test significant? Precise?

A

Neither.

only significant when abnormal

32
Q

what does the confrontation test measure? How is it conducted?

A 
measures peripheral vision
stand opposite the pt 1 meter apart
have them cover R eye & you cover L
extend arm & move centrally
hopefully they will see your fingers at the same time as you do.
33
Q

Why do you ever use color plates?

A

this is to test color blindness

34
Q

If a pt has coarse or small eyebrows what might that indicate?

A

hypothyroidism

35
Q

Is puffiness in the orbital area okay?

A

Yes, as it is a sign of aging. Maybe not if pt isn’t older.

36
Q

Is edema in the periorbial area normal?

A

No. this is ALWAYS abnormal.

could indicate: thyroid, renal, allergy problem

37
Q

If you see yellow depositions in the preorbial area what might you think?

A

xanthelasma (abnormality of lipid metabolism)

38
Q

If you see • Fasciculations/ tremors of the eyelids what might you think?

A

hyperthyroidism

39
Q

If you see one eyelid drooping what is that called?

A

ptosis

40
Q

What is it called when you see an everted lower eyelid? What is the problem with this ?

A

ectropion

problem–>tearing excessively

41
Q

What is it called when you see an inverted lower eyelid?

What is the problem with this?

A

entropion

the eyelashes will irritate the cornea

42
Q

What is an inflammation of an eyelash follicle called?

A

sty/hordeolum

43
Q

WHat might cause crusting of the eyelids?

A

blepharitis
bacterial infection
allergies

44
Q

What is it called when your eyelids don’t completely close?

A

lagophthalmos

45
Q

Where do you inspect when you inspect the conjunctiva?

A

you pull down the lower eyelid to look @ the white of the conjunctiva. You only pull up the upper lid if you suspect a foreign body

46
Q

If you see cobblestone red conjunctiva–>what do you think?

A

allergies

infectious conjunctivitis

47
Q

If you see bright red conjunctiva in a defined area–>what do you think?

A

hemorrhage

48
Q

If you see an abnormal growth of the conjunctiva–>what do you think?

A

pterygium

49
Q

How do you properly inspect the cornea?

A

shine a light tangentially to it

shouldn’t see blood vessels

50
Q

How do you test CN5 when you are looking @ the cornea?

A

touch a wisp of cotton to the eye

51
Q

How do you test CN7 when you are looking @ the cornea?

A

see if they can blink

52
Q

What is corneal arcus? When is this normal? When is this abnormal?

A

lipids in the periphery of the cornea
normal in people over the age of 60
abnormal in people under the age of 40

53
Q

What is miosis? What can cause this?

A

failure of pupil to dilate in the dark
can be w/ narcotics
can be w/ glaucoma

54
Q

What is mydriasis? What can cause this ?

A

too much dilation of the eye
can be caused by a coma
can be caused by too many eyedrops

55
Q

If your eyes don’t constrict with light–>what kind of damage do you have?

A

CN2, CN3 afferent damage

56
Q

What is an Argyll Robertson pupil?

A

these pupils don’t constrict with light but do accommodate reading something up close

57
Q

What is anisocoria? Is this normal?

A

unequal sizes of pupils

could be normal or abnormal

58
Q

When do you think iritis constrictive response?

A

constriction of one pupil w/ red eye

59
Q

What indicates CN3 damage?

A

pupil dilated & eye deviated laterally & downward

60
Q

What is aide or a tonic pupil?

A

dilated pupil unreactive to light

61
Q

If you shine a light on a lens how might it appear?

A

grey or yellow

62
Q

If the sclera is pigmented yellow or green what might you think?

A

hemolytic or liver disease

63
Q

If the sclera is dark grey on its medial side what is this called?

A

senil hyaline plaque

64
Q

What eye thing do you see in Sjogren syndrome?

A

enlarged lacrimal gland

insufficient tear production

Block 5 POM (4 decks)

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