Block 7 Flashcards
(84 cards)
What cutaneous sensory receptors (mechanoreceptors) are found in papillary dermis?
Merkel Nerve Endings
Meissner corpuscles
What mechanoreceptors are found in the reticular dermis?
Ruffini corpuscles
Free nerve endings
What mechanoreceptors are found in cutaneous (subcutis) tissue?
Pacinian corpuscles
Describe the part of the dermis that the Meissner (tactile) corpuscle and Merkel nerve endings are found in?
Papillary dermis of mainly glabrous (hairless) skin (i.e. palms, soles, tongue, lips
Merkel nerve endings.
sensitive to crude, static touch (e.g, discrimination of shapes and edges)
Meissner corpuscles
sensitive to low-frequency vibration (e.g, texture) and light touch
Ruffini corpuscles
mainly located in joint capsules and hair-bearing skin; sensitive to pressure and changes in joint angles
Free nerve endings
thermoception and nociception
Nociception
perception of pain
Pacinian corpuscles
sensitive to vibration and pressure
The presence of a black and ulcerated gallbladder mass with invasion of the gallbladder wall and lymphatics suggests what underlying cause?
malignancy/ malignant melanoma
Describe the spread of a malignant melanoma?
most commonly spread to the lymph nodes, liver, lung, brain and bone,
but can also metastasize to unusual sites (i.e., organs that are not commonly affected by other malignancies [i.e., heart, gallbladder]
Do any of the malignancies associated with MEN metastasize to the gallbladder?
no
What are some skin findings in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda?
hyperpigmentation and scarring (likely due to previous PCT lesions),
hypertrichosis, skin contraction, and calcification of the forehead (resembling scleroderma)
What are some risk factors for Porphyria Cutanea Tarda?
alcohol consumption and exogenous estrogen use
Common side effect of ethambutol?
reversible optic neuropathy
red-green color blindness
What is the MOA of ethambutol?
inhibition of arabinosyltransferase which subsequently inhibits the synthesis of arabinogalactan, an important mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharide
When does cerebral toxoplasmosis typically become symptomatic?
CD4 count < 100 cells/mm3
Symptoms of cerebral toxoplasmosis?
fever
headache
MRI showing multiple lesions
What is Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?
PML is a demyelinating disease of the CNS caused by the reactivation of JC virus
-mainly seen in patients with severe immunosuppression
What are the symptoms of PML
- Decline in cognitive function
- Behavioral changes
- Altered mental status
- Seizures
- new-onset motor deficits (e.g. left hemiparesis)
What is one of the most common pulmonary complications in the first 72 hours after surgery?
postoperative atelectasis
What are the ways the body reacts to postoperative atelactasis?
The body becomes hypoxemic and compensates with hyperventilation.
What does anti-GAD stand for?
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies