Block 7

Question 1

How does desmopressin treat vWF disease?

Answer 1

It helps release factor VIII and vWF from endothelial storage

Question 2

What is the single most preventable cause of disease and death in america?

Answer 2

Tobacco use

Question 3

Nucleus polposus is derived from which embryonic structure?

Answer 3

Notochord from mesoderm

Question 4

What are the derivatives of mesoderm?

Answer 4

muscle, bone, connective tissue, serous linings, spleen, CV structures, wall of gut, lymphatics, kidney, upper vagina, adrenal cortex, dermis, testes, ovaries

Question 5

What are the cellular components involved in type iii hypersensitivity?

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

Name all the structures that you have to go through to get the chest tube into the pleural cavity through the 5th intercostal mid-axillary line

Answer 6

Skin, subcutaneous fat, serratus anterior, external intercostals, internal intercostals, innermost intercostals and parietal pleura

Question 7

In which pathologies can an S4 heart sound be heard?

Answer 7

Anything that results in a stuff LV= LV hypertrophy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, Always abnormal, regardless of patient age.

Question 8

What disease does nickel exposure predispose patients for?

Answer 8

Lung and nasal cancers

Question 9

What is the description and etiology of zenker’s divertiuculum?

Answer 9

Zenker’s diverticulum is an outpounching off of the esophagus that can store food and other stuff, leading to foul breath, obstruction. It is caused to due abnormal spasm or lowered relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscles during swallowing

Question 10

Describe the etiology and morphology of chronic graft rejection.

Answer 10

Chronic graft rejection takes at least 3 months to become apparent, involving a low grade immune response refractory to immunosuppressants. It can cause interstitial fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy. Also causes luminal narrowing and vascular wall thickness.

Question 11

What effect does ACE have on bradykinin?

Answer 11

it degrades bradykinin

Question 12

Name the assessments of decision making capacity in patients?

Answer 12

CUAR

Communicates, understands, appreciates consequences, rationale given for decision

Question 13

What are the first line and second line treatments in anorexic patients?

Answer 13

First line- CBT and nutritional rehab

Second line- olanzapine

Question 14

What are the first line treatments in bulimic patients?

Answer 14

first line- CBT and SSRI and nutritional rehab

Question 15

Name the treatments used in binge eating disorders.

Answer 15

CBT, SSRI, behavioral weight loss therapy and lisdexamfetamine

Question 16

Why do the H. influenzae colonies grow around S. Aurus colonies?

Answer 16

S. Aureus colonies secrete V factor [NAD+] that is utilized by H. Influenzae. S. Aureus colonies also facilitate the release of factor X by RBC hemolysis by Beta-hemolysis

Question 17

What is the triple whammy of drug interactions?

Answer 17

It is the combination of NSAIDs [affarent arteriole constriction], diuretics [decreased plasma flow to kidneys] and ACE Inhibitors/ARBS [efferent arteriole dilation] resulting in acute renal failure.

Question 18

How do glucocorticoids promote osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Through decreased intestinal calcium absorption and by increasing osteoclast activity while decreasing osteoblast activity