BLOCK E ANATOMY Flashcards
(34 cards)
ID Structures
- Skin
- Superficial fascia (Yellow = Camper’s fascia, purple = Scarpa’s fascia)
- Deep fascia
- Anterolateral wall muscles
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fatty tissue
- Peritoneum
What structures does the inguinal ligament attach to?
The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle.
Name the 4 layers of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis (with an opening)
- Rectus abdominis
Describe the arcuate line
Identify the following structures
- Xiphoid process
- Costal cartilages (ribs 5-7)
- Linea Alba
- Tendinous intersections
- Linea semilunaris
- Pubic crest
- Pubic symphysis
Name the following structure
Aponeurosis
What is the only thing posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle below the arcuate line?
The transversalis fascia
What is the blood supply to the rectus sheath?
- Superior epigastric artery (branching off the internal thoracic artery which in turn branches off the subclavian artery)
- Inferior epigastric artery branching off the external iliac artery.
What is the blood supply to the lateral muscles?
The lumbar artery and the circumflex artery (from external iliac)
Describe the venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall
For the muscle layers: venous drainage goes with artery system (superior epigastric vein, inferior epigastric vein, circumflex vein).
Superficially:
Everything below the umbilicus drains into the superficial epigastric vein drains into the femoral vein.
Everything above the umbilicus drains into the thoraco-epigastric vein, which ends up in the axillary vein.
Describe the lymphatic system of the anterior abdominal wall
Above umbilicus: axillary lymph nodes
Below umbilicus: superficiel inguinal lymph nodes
Central lymphatic drainage: parasternal lymph nodes
What are thoracoabdominal nerves?
Extensions from T7 to T12 thoracic intercostal and subcostal nerves, into the abdominal region. These are for sensory innervation.
Which thoracoabdominal nerve is located at the level of the umbilicus?
T10.
Describe the iliohypogastric nerves
Pierces the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle, 3-5 cm above the superficial inguinal ring.
Describe the ilioinguinal nerves
Emerges from the superficial inguinal ring and passes on the surface of the spermatic cord.
What is the inguinal canal?
Canal going from the deep inguinal ring (halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle) to the superficial inguinal ring.
In males, contains spermatic cord.
Which layer of the anterior abdominal wall does not give rise to anything related to the descent of the testis?
The transversus abdominus muscle.
In women, what does the inguinal canal contain?
The round ligament of the uterus
Describe direct inguinal hernias
Less common type
Passes through the inferior part of the inguinal triangle (Hasselbach’s triance)
Directly into the wall.
On the patient, these hernias remain in the inguinal region (do not descend in the testes)
Medial to the inferior epigastric artery
Describe indirect inguinal hernias
More common type, in male children.
Hernia is through the inguinal canal
Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
Most likely to occur when there is patent processus vaginalis.
Likely to descend in the scrotum
What are the borders of the Hasselbach’s triangle?
Medial border = rectus abdominis
Superolateral border = inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior border = inguinal ligament
What are femoral hernias?
Hernias occurring below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents leak through the femoral ring /canal. Almost all in females.
Name these planes
- Midclavicular line
- Transpyloric plane
- Subcostal plane
- Transumbilical plane
- Intertubercular plane
- Interspinous plane
Name these structures
- Iliac tubercle
- ASIS
- Sacral promontory
