blood

Question 1

what does blood transport (7 things)

Answer 1

gases, waste products of metabolism, hormones, nutrients, plasma proteins, blood cells

Question 2

what does blood regulate?

Answer 2

body fluid electrolytes

Question 3

how does the blood protect the body?

Answer 3

removes toxins, regulates blood clotting

Question 4

what is the ph of blood

Answer 4

7.35 - 7.45 (slightly alkaline)

Question 5

what are the three components of blood (and their proportions)

Answer 5

red blood cells (44%), white blood cells and platelets (1%), plasma (55%)

Question 6

science name for red blood cells

Answer 6

erythrocytes

Question 7

science name for white blood cells

Answer 7

leukocytes

Question 8

science name for platelets

Answer 8

thromocytes

Question 9

what types of RBCs are found in iron deficiency anaemia?

Answer 9

microcytic

Question 10

what types of RBCs are found in folate deficiency anaemia?

Answer 10

macrocytic

Question 11

what is the structure of haemoglobin

Answer 11

4 protein chains; 2 alpha, 2 beta. contains 2 iron containing ham groups

Question 12

what Is the name of the molecule when oxygen is bound to haemoglobin

Answer 12

oxyhaemoglobin

Question 13

in the lungs, what does the partial pressure of oxygen mean for Hb saturation

Answer 13

nearly 100% saturated with oxygen

Question 14

which part of Hb is mutated in sickle cell anaemia

Answer 14

the beta chain is mutated

Question 15

can carbon dioxide bind to Hb

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

what is haemostasis

Answer 16

the arrest of bleeding from a broken blood vessel

Question 17

what are platelets

Answer 17

small cell fragments, anuclear

Question 18

what are the 3 steps of haemostsis

Answer 18

1) vascular spasm
2) formation of platelet plug
3) blood coagulation/clooting

Question 19

during vascular spasm, what happens to the blood vessels and muscle layer?

Answer 19

blood vessel constrict. Muscle layer surrounding a cut blood vessel immediately constricts slowing blood flow

Question 20

what do platelets use to to form a platelet plug?

Answer 20

von Willebrand’s factor - a plasma protein secreted by endothelial cells and platelets

Question 21

what do platelets bind to in order to become sticky

Answer 21

collagen

Question 22

what does vessel lining normally release to inhibit platelet aggregation

Answer 22

prostacyclin - means platelet plug does not spread to normal tissue

Question 23

what do clots form on top of and why

Answer 23

platelet plugs, to strengthen, support and reinforce it

Question 24

fibrinogen is converted to … by enzyme … to form clot

Answer 24

fibrin, thrombin

Question 25

why does the body have an anti-clotting system

Answer 25

to inhibit abnormal clotting

Question 26

name 4 causes of abnormal clotting

Answer 26

blood stasis, injury to vessel wall, thrombogenic changes in blood, inherited coagulopathies

Question 27

name the 4 blood groups

Answer 27

A, B, AB, O

Question 28

when the plasma of blood group A is missed with the RBCs of a blood group B persons, what happen?

Answer 28

the anti-B antibodies in the plasma cause clumping of the RBCs

Question 29

what is a blood group

Answer 29

a classification of blood based on the presence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of a RBC