Blood Flashcards
(29 cards)
What substances are transported in the blood?
Oxygen/ carbon dioxide Hormones Products of digestion Metabolic wastes Immune cells "heat" hormone regulated between surface and internal organs with rate of blood flow.
What is blood classified as?
Connective tissue.
What are the major components of blood?
45% formed elements
55% plasma
What are the different formed elements in blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets.
What is plasma made of?
92% water
Plasma protein
Respiratory gases, salt ions, urea, amino acids and glucose.
What are the different types of plasma protein?
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Fibrinogen.
What is albumin?
The smallest and most abundant plasma protein.
Helps maintain osmotic pressure to draw water into the blood by osmosis.
What is immunoglobulin?
Plasma protein
Also called antibodies.
Produced by white blood cells to respond to specific antigens.
What is fibrinogen?
A plasma protein.
Is converted to fibrin to create a mesh to trap red blood cells triggering blood clot formation.
What is the more scientific term for red blood cells?
erythrocytes.
What percentage of a humans cells are red blood cells?
Roughly 25%.
How many litres of blood does an adult human have?
five.
How are red blood cells specialised to their function?
During differentiation they change their ultrastructure to remove all organelles including nuclei, so are mainly made up of haemoglobin.
What colour is oxygenated blood?
Bright red.
What colour is deoxygenated blood?
A dark red.
What is haemoglobin called when it is associated with A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide?
A) oxyhaemoglobin
B) carboxyhaemoglobin
What is the rough lifespan of a red blood cell?
four months.
How are red blood cells destroyed?
They are destroyed by phagocytes in the liver or spleen.
What happens to haemoglobin when red blood cells are destoyed?
The iron ion is stored in the liver or used in the bone marrow to create new haemoglobin.
The rest of the heme group is converted to bilirubin.
Bilirubin is then converted to bile in the liver to aid the digestion of fats.
How is the composition of blood regulated?
Cells are made at random in the bone marrow.
Some cells undergo apoptosis in the bone marrow so are never released into the blood stream.
What is the scientific term for platelets?
Thrombocytes.
What are some key points about platelets?
Have a ten day life span.
Begin the blood clotting process.
Are formed when megakoryocytes in red bone marrow break down into fragments.
What is the scientific terminology for white blood cells?
Leukocytes.
What is the process that forms blood called?
Hematopoiesis.
