BLOOD Flashcards
(30 cards)
Normal Myeloid to Erythroid (M:E) ratio
2 to 3:1
Bone Marrow
Hematopoietic Precursors
Normal proportion
– 65% granulocytes and their precursors
– 25% erythroid precursors
– 10% lymphocytes and monocytes and
their precursors
Obtained by examining the ratio of fat cells
to hematopoietic elements in a bone
marrow biopsy sample
Bone Marrow
Estimate of Marrow Activity
Normal adult ratio is
1:1
Consists of
– Cells suspended in a fluid that flow in a
regular unidirectional movement within the
closed circulatory system
Blood
Normal blood volume
5.5
Blood Components
Plasma
Formed or cellular components
Yellowish translucent, slightly viscous fluid
Plasma proteins and elements
If plasma is allowed to clot, a clear yellow
liquid called serum separates from the
coagulum
Plasma
– 58 % of serum proteins
– Formed in the liver
Albumin
maintenance of blood volume by providing
colloid osmotic pressure
pH and electrolyte balance
transport of metal ions, fatty acids, steroids,
hormones and drugs
Albumin
– 37% of serum proteins
– Formed by the liver and lymphoid tissues
– Responsible for antibody production and
prothrombin formation
Globulins
– 4 % of serum proteins
– Essential for blood clotting
– Supernatant serum remains after the removal
of fibrinogen and clotting factors from the
plasma
Fibrinogen
Inorganic components
– Na, K, Mg, P, Fe
Organic components
Urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose,
cholesterol, and enzymes (lipase, amylase,
protease)
Most abundant cells
8 u; flattened biconcave shape
– Shape provide a surface area that is optimal
for gas diffusion into and out of the cell
– Its reversible deformability enable the
erythrocytes to alter its shape to squeeze
through the microcirculation
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Life span of 120 days
Primarily responsible for tissue
oxygenation
Hemoglobin is a pigment that makes up
about 33 % of the red cell mass
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
RBC count
– Men 4.7 – 6.1 cell/cu mm
– Women 4.2 – 5.2 cell/cu mm
Granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes
5,000 – 10,000 cells/cu mm
Cells responsible for defense against
microorganisms and injury
White Blood Cell (Leukocytes)
Disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments
140,000 – 340,000 cell/cu mm
Essential for blood coagulation and control
of bleedin
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
2nd week of gestation, blood formation
detectable in the mesenchyme of the body
stalk and the nearby yolk sac
Mesoblastic phase
Blood formation shift to the liver, later the
spleen also becomes a site of hemopoiesis
Hepatic phase
Bone marrow
Myeloid phase
Occupies the cylindrical cavities of the
long bones and the spongy portion of the
vertebrae, ribs, sternum, the flat bones of
the cranium and pelvis
Soft, highly cellular tissue which occupies
the area of the cancellous (spongy) bone
Bone Marrow
At birth, all bones contain deep red
hematopoietically active marrow
At 4-5 years old, the number of bloodforming cells begin to decline and the
number of adipose cells increases
Progressive increase in abundance of
adipose cells is responsible for the yellow
color of the marrow
Bone Marrow
