BLOOD

Question 1

Composition of peripheral blood

Answer 1

blood = special CT in plasma (5L)
Element = leukocytes (4- 10k, erythrocytes ( F; 4-5.2 million and M- 4.5-6 million) and platelet (150-140k)

Diapedesis - plasma protein react = SERUM - blood plasma w NO clotting factors (fibrinogen)

centrifugation of blood;
HEMATOCRIT
M- 42%-52%
F- 37%-47%
RBC - 45%
plasma - 55%
leukocytes - 1%

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

7.4 pH
- 92% water
- 7% protein
albumin 58% - liver
globulin 37% - liver
1. lagma ; plasma cell produce
2. alpha + beta - in liver; fibronectin, transferin, prothrombin and lipoproteins
fibrinogen 4%- liver fo clotting
complement protein 1% - inflammation + destroying microorg.

plasma cells - B lymphocyte derived
- produce anti-bodies
- ovoid
- clockface spherical nucleus
BASOPHILIC
lifespan = 10 days
size- 2-4 um

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

• lack nuclei and organelles + densely packed w hemoglobin
• plasma memb - 50% protein, 40% lipid, 10% carbs
• 120 day lifespan

integral prot. - band 3 + glycophorin
memeb. prot. lattice spectrin
peripheral prot- ankyrin + band 4.1 (lattice bind to band 3)

Packed hemoglobin
HB02- oxyhemoglobin
HB0- methemoglobin
HBC02- carbaminohemoglobin
HBCO- carboxyhemoglobin
Howell- jolly bodies

Question 4

Erythrocytes

Answer 4

• lack nuclei + densely packed w hemoglobin
• plasma memb - 50% protein, 40% lipid, 10% carbs
• 120 day lifespan

integral prot. - band 3 + glycophorin

peripheral prot-+ ankyrin + band 4.1 (lattice bind to band 3)

Question 5

Erythropoiesis

Answer 5

Proerythroblasts
- 14-20um
- morphilogical
- basophilic
- loose chromatin
- sensitive to erythropoietin
(glyp. produced in kidney + liver)
(stimulates MRNA for the hemoglobin)
(receptor = Jak 2 kinase(

Basophilic erythroblas - 12-16um
- coarse chromatin
- no nucleoli
- prod of hemoglobin starts

polychromatophilic 12-14um
- no mitosis
- condensed chromatin + coarse granules
- production of hemoglobin

orthrochromotophilic erythroblast 8-10um
- pyknotic nucl (packed)
-extrusion of nucl
hemoglobin -> eosinophilic

reticulocyte - mature in 1-2 dyas
- immature RBC
- 0.5-1.5 OF rbc
-EOSINOPHILIC
*brilliant cresyl blue-stain (RNA)

RBC- noromocytes
- 7.5 um +2.6 thick
-bioconcave
11.5-15.4 width distribution

Question 6

Leukocytes

Answer 6

leukogram
neutrophils - 60-70
esinophils - 2-5
basophils - 0-1
lymphocytes - 20-40
monocytes 2-10

granulocytes + agrnulocytes

neutrophils
-10-12 um
2-5 lobes
slight eosinophilic
granules –> alkaline phosphate , cllagenase, lysozyme , lactoferin+ complemetn activators
azurophilic granules –> acid phosphate, lysosomes, enzymes
-phagocytosis
life span - 1-4 d or 6 h
-arrneth count; grnaules ratio based on lobes

eosinophils 12-15um
- bilobed
- eosinophilic
esodino granuls –> major basic protein
enzymes ; acid phospahte, esinophil peroxidase , histamine
- allergic reaction + inflammation
- 8-12 d

basophils 10um
- irrgular lobes
- basophilic granules
- inflammation
- heparin, histamine + Ig E
- sevral months

Question 7

preparation ofr blood smear

Answer 7

3-4 finger clean
puncture ball of tip
wipe first drop - diluted by tissue fluid
drop on near end
spread blood with other slide at 45 degree angle
air dry

Pappenheims blood staining;
fixation - may grinwald solution
stianine - diluted may grwalanuld solutio
geimsa ramowsakowy
washing and airdy

Question 8

platlets

Answer 8

• not ture megakaeryocyte (frgmentaton)
• alpha + beta - thriugh canal
  lagma - lysozome w hyrdolictic enzymes

hemosttatsi
1. platlet plug = primary aggregatiion
- adhesion of platlets to collagen
2. 2 dry aggrgation = release ADP + ADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEINS
- platlet plug in size
3. blood coagulation - fibrogen to fibrin to thrombus
- traps blood cells
4. clot rtration - actin + myosin react = clot to contract
5. clot removal - prtolytic enzyme
-plasmin