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Unit 8- Anatomy 1 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

(127 cards)

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1
Q

Hematocrit (Formed Elements)

A

45%
RBC
WBC

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2
Q

Liquid Matrix (plasma)

A

55%
Water-92%
Proteins- 7%
Electrolytes- 1%

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3
Q

Erythrocytes

A 
Most Abundant Cell
99.9% of formed elements
Upon maturity they lose organelles
Life span of 120 days
one cell= 280 million hemoglobin molecules
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4
Q

One drop of blood=

A

260 million RBCs

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5
Q

Adult Females

A

4.9 million RBC

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6
Q

Adult Males

A

5.4 million RBC

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7
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains= carry small amount of CO2
Consists of Iron-O2 binds to
Biliverdin- stabilizes iron

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8
Q

Antigens

A

molecules that cause immune reactions
exist on cell surfaces
may serve as cell recognition markers

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9
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins known as immunoglobulins
Produced by plasma cells
Attach or bind to specific antigens

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10
Q

Eosinophils

A

secrete antihystamenes

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11
Q

T Cells

A

attack foreign cells

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12
Q

B cells(when active)

A

plasma cells= secrete antibodies

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13
Q

Basophils

A

secrete hystamenes and heparin (prevents blood from clotting)

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14
Q

Monocytes

A

Macrophages

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15
Q

Platelets

A

cell fragments that help blood clot

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16
Q

Fibrinogen

A

blood clotting

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17
Q

Globulin

A

transport proteins or antibodies

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18
Q

Albumin

A

influences osmosis (most abundant protein in blood)

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19
Q

Hematocrit (formed elements)

A

45% of blood
RBC
WBC

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20
Q

Liquid matrix (plasma)

A

55% of blood
Water- 92%
Proteins- 7%
Electrolytes- 1%

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21
Q

Blood is what type of connective tissue?

A

fluid connective

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22
Q

Spectrin

A

keeps red blood cells flexible

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23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains

Carries small amount of CO2

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24
Q

Heme consists of ..

A

Iron-O2 binds to

Biliverdin- stabilizes iron

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25
Antigens
molecules that cause immune reactions exist on cell surfaces may serve as cell recognition markers
26
Antibodies
proteins known as immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells attach or bind to specific antigens
27
Type A
``` Antigen A Anti-B antibodies Receive blood from A and O Donate blood to A and AB Donate plasma to A and O Receive plasma from A and AB ```
28
Type B
``` Antigen B Anti-A antibodies Receive blood from B and O Donate blood to B and AB Donate plasma to B and O Receive plasma from B and AB ```
29
Type AB
``` Antigens A and B Neither antibodies Receive blood from A, B, AB, and O Donate blood to AB Donate plasma to A, B, AB, and O Receive plasma from AB ```
30
Type O
``` Neither antigens Both antibodies Receive blood from- O Donate blood to A, AB, B, and O Donate plasma to O Receive plasma from A, AB, B, and O ```
31
Universal plasma donor
AB- no antibodies
32
Universal blood donor
O- no antigens
33
Rh positive individuals
carry the antigen | have no Rh antibodies
34
Rh negative individuals
do not carry the antigen naturally do not have the antibody once exposed to Rh antigen, they can develop the antibodies
35
Rhogam Shots
antibody that covers up Rh antigens
36
Blood cells come from ..
Mesoderm
37
Erythroblast
immature red blood cell that contains all organelles
38
Reticulocyte
RBC that has lost all of its organelles, and its nucleus last
39
Erythropoeisis
the formation of erythrocytes
40
Erythropoietin (EPO)
stimulates erythropoiesis | shortens time of maturation
41
Erythropoeisis is influenced by ..
``` hypoxia nutrition high altitude damage to lung tissue poor health ```
42
Spleen
graveyard of erythrocytes
43
Pernicious Anemia
deficiency of intrinsic factor
44
Aplastic Anemia
destruction to myeloid tissue
45
Polycythemia
elevated formed elements (mainly erythrocytes)
46
Hemorrhagic Anemia
blood loss
47
Hemolytic Anemia
destruction of erythrocytes
48
Transfervin
transports iron in the blood
49
Agranulocytes
Monocytes | Lymphocytes- t cells, b cells, nk cells
50
Granulocytes
basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils
51
Leukopoiesis
the formation of leukocytes
52
Myeloid Stem Cells
give rise to the 3 granulocytes | give rise to monocytes
53
Lymphoid Stem cells
give rise to lymphocytes
54
Thrombopoiesis
formation of the platelets | occurs in the bone marrow
55
Megakaryocytes
larger cell that platelets come from
56
Leukopenia
low levels of WBCs
57
Leukocytosis
high levels of WBCs
58
Leukemia
cancer of the hemopoietic tissue
59
Vascular Spasm
quick immediate response damaged blood vessels constrict on either end of the cut short lived
60
Platelet Plug Formation
platelets begin to stick to damaged endothelial membrane congregate into platelet plug seals the "hole"
61
Coagulation
Soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin | Involves 2 pathways leading to coagulation
62
Extrinsic Pathway
involves perivascular tissue | contribute to initiating the coagulation phase
63
Intrinsic Pathway
activated when blood encounters exposed collagen fibers contribute to initiating the coagulation phase slower but stronger clot reaction
64
Fibrinolysis
natural dissolving of a clot
65
Common Pathway
prothrombin gets activated into thrombin thrombin modifies soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin clot retraction forms as platelets contract
66
Capillaries
deliver blood to tissues
67
Arteries
blood away from heart
68
Veins
blood to heart
69
Eosinophils
secrete antihystamenes
70
T Cells
attack foreign cells
71
B cells(when active)
plasma cells= secrete antibodies
72
Basophils
secrete hystamenes and heparin (prevents blood from clotting)
73
Monocytes
Macrophages
74
Platelets
cell fragments that help blood clot
75
Fibrinogen
blood clotting
76
Globulin
transport proteins or antibodies
77
Albumin
influences osmosis (most abundant protein in blood)
78
Hematocrit (formed elements)
45% of blood RBC WBC
79
Liquid matrix (plasma)
55% of blood Water- 92% Proteins- 7% Electrolytes- 1%
80
Blood is what type of connective tissue?
fluid connective
81
Spectrin
keeps red blood cells flexible
82
Hemoglobin
4 protein chains | Carries small amount of CO2
83
Heme consists of ..
Iron-O2 binds to | Biliverdin- stabilizes iron
84
Antigens
molecules that cause immune reactions exist on cell surfaces may serve as cell recognition markers
85
Antibodies
proteins known as immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells attach or bind to specific antigens
86
Type A
``` Antigen A Anti-B antibodies Receive blood from A and O Donate blood to A and AB Donate plasma to A and O Receive plasma from A and AB ```
87
Type B
``` Antigen B Anti-A antibodies Receive blood from B and O Donate blood to B and AB Donate plasma to B and O Receive plasma from B and AB ```
88
Type AB
``` Antigens A and B Neither antibodies Receive blood from A, B, AB, and O Donate blood to AB Donate plasma to A, B, AB, and O Receive plasma from AB ```
89
Type O
``` Neither antigens Both antibodies Receive blood from- O Donate blood to A, AB, B, and O Donate plasma to O Receive plasma from A, AB, B, and O ```
90
Universal plasma donor
AB- no antibodies
91
Universal blood donor
O- no antigens
92
Rh positive individuals
carry the antigen | have no Rh antibodies
93
Rh negative individuals
do not carry the antigen naturally do not have the antibody once exposed to Rh antigen, they can develop the antibodies
94
Rhogam Shots
antibody that covers up Rh antigens
95
Blood cells come from ..
Mesoderm
96
Erythroblast
immature red blood cell that contains all organelles
97
Reticulocyte
RBC that has lost all of its organelles, and its nucleus last
98
Erythropoeisis
the formation of erythrocytes
99
Erythropoietin (EPO)
stimulates erythropoiesis | shortens time of maturation
100
Erythropoeisis is influenced by ..
``` hypoxia nutrition high altitude damage to lung tissue poor health ```
101
Spleen
graveyard of erythrocytes
102
Pernicious Anemia
deficiency of intrinsic factor
103
Aplastic Anemia
destruction to myeloid tissue
104
Polycythemia
elevated formed elements (mainly erythrocytes)
105
Hemorrhagic Anemia
blood loss
106
Hemolytic Anemia
destruction of erythrocytes
107
Transfervin
transports iron in the blood
108
Agranulocytes
Monocytes | Lymphocytes- t cells, b cells, nk cells
109
Granulocytes
basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils
110
Leukopoiesis
the formation of leukocytes
111
Myeloid Stem Cells
give rise to the 3 granulocytes | give rise to monocytes
112
Lymphoid Stem cells
give rise to lymphocytes
113
Thrombopoiesis
formation of the platelets | occurs in the bone marrow
114
Megakaryocytes
larger cell that platelets come from
115
Leukopenia
low levels of WBCs
116
Leukocytosis
high levels of WBCs
117
Leukemia
cancer of the hemopoietic tissue
118
Vascular Spasm
quick immediate response damaged blood vessels constrict on either end of the cut short lived
119
Platelet Plug Formation
platelets begin to stick to damaged endothelial membrane congregate into platelet plug seals the "hole"
120
Coagulation
Soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin | Involves 2 pathways leading to coagulation
121
Extrinsic Pathway
involves perivascular tissue | contribute to initiating the coagulation phase
122
Intrinsic Pathway
activated when blood encounters exposed collagen fibers contribute to initiating the coagulation phase slower but stronger clot reaction
123
Fibrinolysis
natural dissolving of a clot
124
Common Pathway
prothrombin gets activated into thrombin thrombin modifies soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin clot retraction forms as platelets contract
125
Capillaries
deliver blood to tissues
126
Arteries
blood away from heart
127
Veins
blood to heart

Unit 8- Anatomy 1 (1 decks)

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