Blood

Question 1

What is the function of blood?

Answer 1

Transportation, regulation and defense

Question 2

What is the blood volume of a person who weighs around 150lbs?

Answer 2

Approx. 5L

Question 3

What are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 3

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

Mostly water, proteins and other solutes: nutrients, electrolytes, gases and wastes

Question 5

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 5

The production of the formed elements of blood, it occurs in the red marrow

Question 6

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 6

red blood cells

Question 7

what is the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 7

transportation of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) throughout the body’s blood vessels

Question 8

how long do erythrocytes last in the body?

Answer 8

about 120 days

Question 9

what hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

Answer 9

the peptide hormone erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 10

What structure releases the hormone EPO?

Answer 10

The kidneys

Question 11

describe red blood cell recycling

Answer 11

-old or damaged RBC are phagocytized by macrophages
-globin portion is metabolized into amino acids, used for protein synthesis
-The heme portion is broken down into biliverdin for transport in the blood.
-Unused heme groups can be recycled and used in hemopoiesis, or converted into bilirubin and used to make bile in the liver

Question 12

What are leukocytes?

Answer 12

white blood cells

Question 13

what is the function of leukocytes?

Answer 13

mostly to fight infection

Question 14

what are the 2 major groups of leukocytes?

Answer 14

granular and agranular

Question 15

What are granular leukocytes?

Answer 15

white blood cells that have granules or small particles with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions and asthma

Question 16

name the granular leukocytes

Answer 16

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 17

What is the neutrophils function?

Answer 17

the first responders, extremely aggressive at phagocytizing bacteria and damaged tissue.
Release chemicals that affect local inflammation and attract other leukocytes to the area

Question 18

What is the eosinophils function?

Answer 18

phagocytic cells, effective with antigen-antibody complexes. Release antihistamines. Increase in numbers for allergies and parasitic infections

Question 19

What is the basophils function?

Answer 19

release vesicles of histamine and heparin which promotes inflammation

Question 20

What are agranular leukocytes?

Answer 20

White blood cells that have smaller, less visible granules in their cytoplasm

Question 21

Name the agranular leukocytes

Answer 21

monocytes
lymphocytes

Question 22

What is the monocytes function?

Answer 22

Very effective phagocytic cells engulfing pathogens or worn out cells.
Antigen presenting cells for components of the immune system

Question 23

What are lymphocytes function?

Answer 23

T cells- recognizes foreign molecules. Directly attack other cells
B cells- stimulated to proliferate and produce antibodies that can bind and attack foreign pathogens
NK cells- immune surveillance, recognize surface markers and detect abnormal or infected cells.

Question 24

What is diapedesis?

Answer 24

The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanies inflammation

Question 25

What are megakaryocytes?

Answer 25

Very large cells located in the bone marrow, they shed fragments of themselves which become platelets

Question 26

What is the function of the megakaryocyte?

Answer 26

to produce thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 27

What is hemostasis?

Answer 27

physiological process which stops bleeding

Question 28

What are the 3 steps in hemostasis?

Answer 28

1. vascular spasm 2. formation of platelet plug 3. coagulation

Question 29

What does fibrinogen contribute to hemostasis?

Answer 29

It converts into fibrin, which forms a meshwork that traps formed elements of the blood in clot formation

Question 30

What does prothrombin contribute to hemostasis?

Answer 30

It converts into thrombin, an enzyme essential for the final steps in the formation of a fibrin clot

Question 31

What determines a person's blood type?

Answer 31

Which surface antigens are present

Question 32

What blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 32

O- because there are no antigens on the surface of the cell for antibodies to bind to

Question 33

What blood type i

Question 34

What blood type is the universal recipient?

Answer 34

AB+ because they have both A and B antigens and Rh antigens on the cell's surface, therefore they do not produce anti-A, anti-B or anti-Rh antibodies

Question 35

What blood can A+ donate to and receive from?

Answer 35

donate: A+, AB+ receive: A+, A-, AB+, AB-

Question 36

What blood can A- donate to and receive from?

Answer 36

Donate:A-, A+, AB-, AB+ Receive: A-, O-

Question 37

What blood can B+ donate and receive?

Answer 37

Donate: B+, AB+ Receive: B+, B-, O+, O-

Question 38

What blood can B-donate and receive?

Answer 38

Donate: B-, B+, AB-, AB+ Receive: B-, O-

Question 39

What blood can AB+ donate and receive?

Answer 39

Donate: AB+ Receive: ALL

Question 40

What blood can AB- donate and receive?

Answer 40

Donate: AB+, AB- Receive: AB-, A-, B-, O-

Question 41

What blood can O+ donate and receive?

Answer 41

Donate: O+, A+, B+, AB+ Receive: O+,O-

Question 42

What blood can O- donate and receive?

Answer 42

Donate: All Receive: O-

Question 43

What is the Rh factor and where is it found?

Answer 43

Special antigens found on the blood cell