Blood

Question 1

What is the shape of Red Blood Cells?

Answer 1

Biconcave shape, anucleated

Question 2

What molecule attaches to Red Blood Cells?

Answer 2

Hemoglobin

Question 3

What are the components of hemoglobin?

Answer 3

Four iron-containing ring structures (hemes) and a large protein (globin)

Question 4

What happens when O2 attaches to iron in hemoglobin?

Answer 4

Blood appears bright red

Question 5

What is the primary function of White Blood Cells?

Answer 5

Protect against disease

Question 6

What is the function of Neutrophils?

Answer 6

Phagocytize small particles

Question 7

What do Eosinophils do?

Answer 7

Kill parasites, control inflammation

Question 8

What substances do Basophils release?

Answer 8

Heparin(prevents blood from clotting too quickly) and histamine (triggers allergy response)

Question 9

What is the role of Monocytes?

Answer 9

Phagocytize large particles

Question 10

What is the function of Lymphocytes?

Answer 10

Provide immunity, attack bacteria, viruses, cancer cells

Question 11

What are the two types of Lymphocytes?

Answer 11

B cells and T cells

Question 12

What is the function of Platelets?

Answer 12

Help close breaks in damaged blood vessels and start formation of blood clots

Question 13

What is the primary composition of Plasma?

Answer 13

92% H2O

Question 14

What does Plasma transport?

Answer 14

Nutrients, gases, vitamins

Question 15

What does Plasma help regulate?

Answer 15

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Hemoglobin has four iron-containing ring structures called _______.

Answer 16

hemes

Question 17

True or False: Basophils trigger an allergy response through the release of histamine.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What does blood pressure refer to?

Answer 18

Blood pressure refers to the pressure of blood in arteries.

Question 19

What is considered normal blood pressure?

Answer 19

Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg.

Question 20

What happens to blood pressure during exercise?

Answer 20

During exercise, blood pressure increases to 140-160 mmHg.

Question 21

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 21

Systolic pressure is the top number, representing the pressure created in arteries by ventricles contracting to squeeze blood out.

Question 22

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 22

Diastolic pressure is the bottom number, representing the pressure in arteries as ventricles relax.

Question 23

What affects blood pressure?

Answer 23

Blood pressure is affected by cardiac output, blood volume, peripheral resistance(friction between blood and blood vessel walls), and blood viscosity(thickness of blood).

Question 24

What is cardiac output?

Answer 24

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute.

C.O. = HR x SV (Heart Rate x Stroke Volume)

Question 25

What is the average blood volume?

Answer 25

The average blood volume is 5L or 8% of body weight. ## Footnote An increase in blood volume results in an increase in blood pressure.

Question 26

What is peripheral resistance?

Answer 26

Peripheral resistance is the friction between blood and blood vessel walls. ## Footnote An increase in resistance results in an increase in blood pressure.

Question 27

What is blood viscosity?

Answer 27

Blood viscosity refers to the thickness of blood and the ease with which components of blood move past one another.